The human right to water is the right of every individual to have access to clean, safe, and affordable water to meet their basic needs. This right is fundamental for life, health, and dignity, and it has been recognized at the international level as part of broader human rights frameworks.
International Recognition: The right to water is most notably recognized in the United Nations (UN) Resolution 64/292, which was adopted in 2010. This resolution explicitly acknowledges that the human right to water is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights. It specifically mentions that clean drinking water and sanitation are indispensable to the realization of other human rights, including the right to life and the right to health.
UN General Comment No. 15 (2002): The UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR)issued General Comment No. 15 in 2002, which provides an authoritative interpretation of the right to water under international law. This outlines that:
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Water should be available, accessible, safe, and affordable.
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Water should be of sufficient quantity and quality for personal and domestic uses.
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Governments are responsible for ensuring this right and for regulating water services to prevent discrimination and ensure equitable access.
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Essential for Basic Needs: The right to water is crucial for:
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Drinking and cooking (personal use)
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Sanitation (toilet use, hygiene)
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Washing and cleaning (clothes, dishes, etc.)
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It also includes the provision of adequate sanitation to prevent the spread of diseases.
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The human right to water recognises that water is essential for survival and well-being. Government has the obligation to ensure that everyone has access to sufficient, safe, and affordable water to meet their basic needs.
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