Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.10, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Constitution Watch If you can see through the illusion, you are part of the solution ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Is Australia a Trust Territory of the United Nations?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-australia-a-trust-territory-of-the-united-nations/) - "The Truth Shall Set You Free!" Our readers have overwhelmingly reached out seeking clarity on a range of subjects and claims that continue to circulate in Australia. One recurring claim found in various "papers" and promoted by some influencers is that Australia somehow became a United Nations "Trust Territory" following the introduction of the Nationality - [Western Australia, the Late Federation Settlement and the Imperial Examination of the Constitution Bill](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/western-australia-the-late-federation-settlement-and-the-imperial-examination-of-the-constitution-bill/) - Western Australia's entry into the Australian Commonwealth occurred at a critical stage in the Federation process. Unlike the eastern colonies, which had participated in the constitutional conventions and had approved the Constitution Bill through referendums in 1898 and 1899, Western Australia joined the process only after the draft Constitution had already been settled and transmitted - [The Crown, the Constitution and the Meaning of the Deleted Words 'This Act Binds the Crown'](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-crown-the-constitution-and-the-meaning-of-the-deleted-words-this-act-binds-the-crown/) - When the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 was enacted by the Imperial Parliament, the final text differed in a number of respects from the draft approved by the Australian colonies. One of the less publicly discussed changes was the removal of the words contained in the original Covering Clause 2: . "This Act shall - [QUARANTINE ~ ANNOTATED CONSTITUTION ~ Quick & Garren.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/quarantine-annotated-constitution-quick-garren/) - [P.567] ¶ 172. “Quarantine.” SCOPE.—Quarantine was originally the term of forty days, during which a ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected with a malignant or contagious disease, was required to remain isolated and was forbidden all intercourse with the shore. Hence it came to mean restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also the place - [REDFLEX lasercamSL Operator Guide](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/redflex-lasercamsl-operator-guide/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Instrukcja-Redflex-Manual.pdf" title="Instrukcja - Redflex Manual"] - [The Lieber Code: No Longer Binding, Yet Historically Significant](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-lieber-code-no-longer-binding-yet-historically-significant/) - The battlefield has always been a place where chaos threatens to overpower humanity. Throughout history, soldiers marched under banners of victory, yet civilians, prisoners, and the wounded often paid the highest price. Before the nineteenth century, the rules of war were largely unwritten, depending more on military custom than on legal obligation. Then, during the - [FOI21/164 Great Seal of the Commonwealth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/foi21-164-great-seal-of-the-commonwealth/) - Is there an authority to terminate the Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Australia? The author made request to seek the instrument that overrides, suspends or terminates the “indissoluble Federal Commonwealth under the Crown of the United Kingdom…” as qualified by the second clause that binds the Crown and the fifth clause that binds the - [The Misunderstanding of the Reservation of Bills.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-misunderstanding-of-the-reservation-of-bills/) - Constitution Watch has received many enquiries about the reservation of Bills. This little known process is often misunderstood, leading to guesswork. Below, we examine the reservation process in sections 58 and 60 of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900. Section 58 above provides the mechanism of Royal Assent, the Governor General when - ["Expressio unius exclusio alterius"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/expressio-unius-exclusio-alterius/) - Constitution Watch receives many enquiries from our readers and one subject our readers continue to contact us about is the theory that Australia is Norfolk Island. Our readers tell us the theory is allegedly derived from the definition of "Australia" found in section 2B of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901. At the request of our - [Belligerent or Combatant? Non-Belligerent or Non-Combatant? Which one are you?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/belligerent-or-combatant-non-belligerent-or-non-combatant-which-one-are-you/) - What is the myth of the Belligerent? Our readers have again asked us to explain the legal meanings of the terms belligerent and combatant. One of the more misleading themes found throughout the "Papers" and promoted by influencers is the repeated use of the word "belligerent" as though it applies to the entire civilian population - [Are you Hors De Combat?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-you-hors-de-combat/) - In international humanitarian law, hors de combat is a term that sits at the intersection of precision and restraint. It is not a label for who someone “is,” but a description of what, in a moment of conflict, someone has become: a person who is no longer able to take part in hostilities and therefore - [Who Can Bring a Case Before the ICJ and ICC? Common Misunderstanding About International Courts](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-can-bring-a-case-before-the-icj-and-icc-a-common-misunderstanding-about-international-courts/) - A recurring misconception in public debate in Australia is that any individual who believes they have suffered an injustice can take their case directly to the world's highest international courts. In reality, neither the International Court of Justice (ICJ) nor the International Criminal Court (ICC) operates in that way. The International Court of Justice, based - [~ The Corporation Sole ~](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-corporation-sole-frederic-maitland-law-quarterly-review-1900/) - The following review below from Maitland will provide you a full understanding of what in substance a corporation sole actually is. There are but two types of corporations on the planet, aggregate or sole. Do you know which one you are? The Corporation Sole Frederic Maitland 1900 Law Quarterly Review, 16 (1900), pp. 335-354. - [ROYAL STYLES & TITLES ACT 1953](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-styles-titles-act-1953/) - WHEREAS it was recited in the preamble to the Statute of Westminster, 1931 that it would be in accord with the established constitutional position of all the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations in relation to one another that any alteration in the law touching the Royal Style and Titles should, after the enactment of - [ROYAL STYLE & TITLES ACT 1973](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-style-titles-act-1973/) - WHEREAS, in accordance with the Royal Style and Titles Act 1953, Her Majesty, by Proclamation dated 28th May, 1953, adopted, as the Royal Style and Titles to be used in relation to the Commonwealth of Australia and its Territories, the Style and Titles set forth in the Schedule to that Act: AND WHEREAS the Government of - [British Subjects & Treason within the Realms.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/british-subjects-treason-within-the-realms/) - Allegiance to the monarch has long served as a foundational principle within the realms of the Crown. Unlike loyalty to a transient government or political party, allegiance is directed toward the sovereign as the enduring embodiment of the state, the constitution, and the rule of law. Across the various realms that share the same monarch, - [Push to Repeal “No Jab, No Play” Laws Gains Political and Medical Backing](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/push-to-repeal-no-jab-no-play-laws-gains-political-and-medical-backing/) - A proposed amendment to New South Wales public health legislation has reignited debate over Australia’s childhood vaccination policies, with Libertarian MLC John Ruddick preparing to introduce a Bill aimed at dismantling the state’s “No Jab, No Play” framework. The legislation would seek to overturn rules that prevent unvaccinated children from attending childcare services, a policy - [Victoria Police Manual.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victoria-police-manual/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/VPM-Operational-procedures__subject_.pdf" title="VPM Operational procedures__subject_"] - [The Quiet Power Behind Australia’s Highest Court](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-quiet-power-behind-australias-highest-court/) - In a courtroom in Canberra, the most important legal battles in Australia are not always the ones that are heard, but the ones that are never allowed in. The High Court of Australia sits at the peak of the nation’s legal system, delivering decisions that shape everything from constitutional boundaries to everyday rights. But as - [“Who Holds the Power? The Quiet Evolution of Sovereignty in Australia”](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-holds-the-power-the-quiet-evolution-of-sovereignty-in-australia/) - In a nation often described as politically stable and constitutionally conservative, a profound shift has taken place, one not marked by revolution or sweeping declarations, but by legal reasoning, referenda, and the gradual development of democratic practice. At the heart of it lies a deceptively simple question: who truly holds sovereign power in Australia? For - [Section 109 ~ Notes.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/section-109-notes/) - MURPHY J. Uni of Woolongong v Metwally 1984 Validity of the Amendment Act is presumed. In this proceeding, the only question of validity is concerned with s.109 of the Constitution. The real question is the validity of parts of the State Act during the period 1977-1983. Inconsistency 4. Our legal system is based on the - [The “Relative Capacity” Principle and Its Vulnerabilities in Practice](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-relative-capacity-principle-and-its-vulnerabilities-in-practice/) - The decision in Gibbons v Wright remains a cornerstone of Australian law on contractual capacity. The High Court rejected the notion that legal capacity is a fixed, binary state and instead articulated what has become known as the “relative capacity” principle. As explained by Owen Dixon, a person’s ability to enter into a legal transaction - [Commission of Appointments ~ High Court of Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/commission-of-appointments-high-court-of-australia/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Attachment-A-Cheng-commissions-23-03-26.pdf" title="Attachment A - Cheng - commissions 23-03-26"] - [Police Must Identify Themselves Before performing Certain Actions](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/police-must-identify-themselves-before-performing-certain-actions/) - A review by the New South Wales Ombudsman has highlighted an important but often overlooked obligation of police officers: when exercising certain powers under the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002 (LEPRA), officers are legally required to provide their name and place of duty. The Ombudsman report below, “Did police provide their name and - [The Quiet Threat to Competition Law and your Electricity Bill.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-quiet-threat-to-competition-law/) - Every five minutes in Australia’s electricity market, prices are recalculated. Power generators submit bids. Supply and demand are matched. Increasingly, this process is shaped not just by human traders but by algorithms. In its 2021 article in the UNSW Law Journal, “Algorithmic Collusion and Australian Competition Law” explores how pricing software and artificial intelligence are - [Pintarich v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pintarich-v-deputy-commissioner-of-taxation/) - In December 2014, Joe Pintarich received a letter from the Australian Taxation Office that seemed clear and direct in its intention. Pay the tax by the deadline, and most of the interest would be revoked. Pintarich did exactly that. Years later, the ATO changed its mind as the correspondence was computer generated. In Pintarich v - [Rowlatt’s Classic on Suretyship: Foundations That Still Hold Today](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/rowlatts-classic-on-suretyship-foundations-that-still-hold-today/) - In the annals of English common law, few texts have commanded the enduring respect of legal practitioners and scholars as much as S.A.T. Rowlatt’s The Law of Principal and Surety. First published in 1899, Rowlatt’s treatise carved out a meticulous exploration of the law governing suretyship, a legal relationship as old as credit itself, yet - [Victorian's should demand the Premier and Parliament of Victoria to stand down for Human Rights Breaches!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorians-should-demand-the-premier-and-parliament-of-victoria-to-stand-down-for-human-rights-breaches/) - Breaking News! The Federal Court today struck down the six month police search powers should be a wake up call, not just for police, but for the politicians who enabled them. The Parliament of Victoria, in enacting laws that allowed such sweeping powers, crossed a line from governance into human rights abuse. The - [Choosing the Wrong Remedy ~ Why Certiorari Cannot do the Work of an Appeal](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/choosing-the-wrong-remedy-why-certiorari-cannot-do-the-work-of-an-appeal/) - The modern law of judicial review has spent decades insisting on a simple proposition: certiorari and appeal perform different constitutional functions. Yet applications continue to fail because that distinction is overlooked or deliberately blurred by litigants seeking a more favourable pathway to relief. Since Craig v South Australia, the High Court has drawn a firm line - [Norfolk Island - The Right to Self Determination 2026.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/norfolk-island/) - This story is dedicated to the People of Norfolk Island in their struggle of Self Determination against outside forces. On 1 January 2026, the people of Norfolk Island exercised what they assert is their inherent right to responsible government, marking a significant moment in a long and contested political struggle. For many islanders, this election - [RESIDENT vs DOMICILE ~ Who will you be on Census night!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-will-you-be-on-census-night/) - Resident vs Domicile, Which are you and which classification would you use with the Census? The definitions below will assist you to understand who you really are whilst residing in your domicile this August 10th. 3 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Resident.Domicile.Sojourner.pdf"] 3 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/F2020L00098ES.pdf"] 5 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/F2020L00098.pdf"] - [Australian Law Journal ~ UNICITRAL 1973.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-law-review-1973/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0059.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0060.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0061.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0062.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0063.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0064.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0065-1.pdf" title="imag0065"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0066.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0067.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/imag0068.pdf"] - [Securitisation.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/securitisation/) - For decades, the idea of owning a home has been sold as the cornerstone of financial security. But behind the glossy advertisements and smiling families stands a financial machine most homeowners never see mortgage securitisation. To critics, it is less an innovation and more a sleight of hand, a system quietly shifting power away from - [The Illusion of Sovereignty](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-illusion-of-sovereignty/) - The Fiction of Authority For centuries, the concept of sovereignty has stood as a foundational principle of political thought and legal order. It is the idea that a state or governing authority possesses the ultimate, unquestioned power over its territory and the people within it. But beneath this veneer of authority lies a profound question: - [Upholding Judicial Independence ~ The Legacy of Kable in Australian Law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/upholding-judicial-independence-the-legacy-of-kable-in-australian-law/) - In the intricate landscape of Australian constitutional law, the principles established in the 1996 High Court case of Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) stand as a cornerstone for safeguarding judicial independence within the states. An article from the Melbourne University Law Review sheds new light on these principles, exploring their ongoing relevance and - [The continued practice of False Arrest & Depravation of Liberty](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-continued-practice-of-false-arrest-depravation-of-liberty/) - False arrest, or wrongful arrest, occurs when a person is taken into custody without probable cause or without following proper legal procedures. It happens when police lack reasonable grounds to suspect a person has committed an offence and can be a result of mistaken identity, a mere hunch, or an administrative error. In many jurisdictions, - [Victoria’s Six-Month “Weapons Search Zone” The Day the Government Quietly Legalised Suspicionless Stop & Search Across the Entire Melbourne CBD](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorias-six-month-weapons-search-zone-the-day-the-government-quietly-legalised-suspicionless-stop-and-search-across-the-entire-melbourne-cbd/) - For the next 182 days from this Sunday 30 November 2025 until 29 May 2026 every single person who walks, rides, drives or catches a train through central Melbourne (See below) will be presumed suspicious enough to be searched for weapons. No crime needs to have been committed. No intelligence briefing needs to be shown - [The 1999 Referendum to become a Republic.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-1999-referendum-to-become-a-republic/) - Historians lay claim the Australia Act severed the last ties Australia had with the United Kingdom, but is this true? If Australia became a 'sovereign independent nation' as claimed by the Australia Act in 1986, why in 1999 was there a referendum to remove the Queen and Governor General and replace them with a President - [Life Under Digital I.D.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/life-under-digital-i-d/) - Imagine waking up one day to find that your very existence, your ability to buy groceries, board a train, or even log into your email hinges on a single, unblinking digital key. Not a physical lock you can pick or smash, but an invisible chain woven from algorithms, biometrics, and government databases. This isn't dystopian - [Aboriginal Victorians Act: The Practical Reality.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/aboriginal-victorians-act-2018-the-practical-reality/) - In recent years, Victoria has taken bold steps toward recognising Aboriginal sovereignty within the state through the establishment of the First Peoples’ Assembly and the enactment of the Statewide Treaty Act 2025. The legislation empowers the Assembly to negotiate both statewide and local treaties with the Victorian government, to advise on policy and legislative initiatives, - [VCAT ~ Common Procedures Practice Note.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vcat-common-procedures-practice-note/) - The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal has consolidated its procedural guidance in Practice Note PNVCAT1 ~ Common Procedures, a foundational document setting out how most matters before the Tribunal are to be managed, from lodgement to hearing and decision. This Practice Note is designed to ensure fairness, transparency, and efficiency in all VCAT proceedings, regardless - [1891 Australasian Federation Conference ~ March 2nd to March 12th 1891](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/1891-australasian-federation-conference-march-2nd-to-march-12th-1891/) - From March 2 to March 12, 1891, representatives from the six self governing Australian colonies and New Zealand gathered in Sydney for the Australasian Federation Conference, a pivotal event in the movement towards the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia. Convened by New South Wales Premier Sir Henry Parkes, often called the “Father of Federation,” - [Proclamation of the Australia Act 1986](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/proclamation-of-the-australia-act-1986/) - This post is to provide clarity on the enactment of the Australia Act 1986(Cth), many people lay claim the Queen provided her assent (Personally signed) the Australia Act. This is a misinterpretation of historical facts, the Queen did not provide her personal assent to the Australia Act 1986(Cth), nor did Bob Hawke assent to the - [STALKER 2 DSR 2X Manual.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/stalker-2-dsr-2x-manual/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/STALKER-2DSR-2X.pdf" title="STALKER 2DSR 2X"] - [The King v Clarke (a pseudonym) (No 9) [2025] QSCPR 17](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-king-v-clarke-a-pseudonym-no-9-2025-qscpr-17/) - In the landmark Australian case of R v Clarke (a pseudonym) (No 9) [2025] QSCPR 17, the Supreme Court of Queensland shone a spotlight on the intricate web of protections against self incrimination, a cornerstone of justice that safeguards individuals from being forced to contribute to their own downfall in criminal proceedings. While the Australian - [Land Tax Exemption ~ Queensland.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/land-tax-exemption-queensland/) - Form QRO LT12 is an official application form issued by the Queensland Revenue Office (QRO) for individuals to claim a land tax home exemption under the Land Tax Act 2010 (Qld). It allows eligible homeowners to apply for an exemption on land used as their principal place of residence (home) as at 30 June of - [How to Run Your Own Case in Court](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-to-run-your-own-case-in-court/) - How to Run Your Own Court Case is a practical and empowering legal guide authored by Nadine Behan, a former solicitor with extensive experience working with self represented litigants. Written for everyday Australians who find themselves navigating the legal system without a lawyer, the book demystifies the court process in plain, accessible language. It focuses - [The Legal Limits of Vaccination Mandates: What Courts Have Said About Forcing Vaccines](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-legal-limits-of-vaccination-mandates-what-courts-have-said-about-forcing-vaccines/) - As governments worldwide promote vaccination to protect public health, questions often arise. Can authorities forcibly vaccinate individuals? And what does the law actually permit? While landmark cases like Jacobson v. Massachusetts(1905) provide a foundation, the legal landscape is nuanced balancing public safety with individual rights. In Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld Massachusetts’ - [Magistrates Title to be replaced with the new Title of Judge in NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magistrates-title-to-be-replaced-with-the-new-title-of-judge-in-nsw/) - A significant reform introduced by the New South Wales Government to rebrand Local Court magistrates as “judges” remains without a clear commencement date, despite strong public announcements and the Bill having been introduced to Parliament in September 2025. The Local Court and Bail Legislation Amendment Bill 2025 seeks to modernise judicial titles within Australia’s busiest - ["Unconscionability - In equity and in statute" (FCA) [2019] FedJSchol 19 ~ Allsop, Justice James](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/unconscionability-in-equity-and-in-statute-fca-2019-fedjschol-19-allsop-justice-james/) - A court of law works its way to short issues, and confines its views to them. A court of equity takes a more comprehensive view, and looks to every connected circumstance that ought to influence its determination upon the real justice of the case. When we come to the modern statutes that are the subject - [Guide to a McKenzie Friend.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/guide-to-a-mckenzie-friend/) - McKenzie Friend Traditionally, a "McKenzie friend" is an adviser who assists a self-represented accused by prompting him or her, taking notes and quietly making suggestions. This person does not need to be legally trained and may not take part in the proceedings as an advocate (McKenzie v McKenzie [1970] 3 All ER 1034; Collier v - [The Legislative Powers of the Commonwealth ~ John Quick’](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-legislative-powers-of-the-commonwealth-john-quick/) - John Quick’s The Legislative Powers of the Commonwealth and the States of Australia stands as an ambitious and substantial contribution to the early canon of Australian constitutional law. Published in 1919, nearly two decades after Federation, it reflects both the optimism and uncertainty that characterised the nation’s first experiments in federal governance. As one of - [CORRUPTION ~ Alive and Well in Victorian Government.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/corruption-alive-and-well-in-victorian-government/) - [Magistrates Court ~ Affidavit in Support Form](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magistrates-court-affidavit-in-support-form/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Affidavit-in-Support-of-Application.pdf" title="Affidavit in Support of Application"] - [Magistrates Court FORM 46B Application for Rehearing](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magistrates-court-form-46b-application-for-rehearing/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Form-46B-PDF-Application-for-re-hearing.pdf" title="Form 46B -PDF Application for re-hearing"] DOWNLOAD Form 46B - Application for re-hearing - [Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills [1992] HCA 46](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nationwide-news-pty-ltd-v-wills-1992-hca-46/) - Nationwide News Pty. Limited published a story in The Australian newspaper that accused Wills, the then Commonwealth Industrial Relations Minister, of misconduct. Wills sued for defamation. The case was heard in the Supreme Court of New South Wales where the publisher of the article raised a constitutional defense, arguing that their freedom of expression and - [Where is Peter Dutton's Oath of Allegiance?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/where-is-peter-duttons-oath-of-allegiance/) - On 20 April 2020, an FOI request was submitted to the Department of Home Affairs under the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act). The applicant sought access to documentation showing that Minister Peter Dutton made and subscribed to the Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance as required by Section 42 of the Australian Constitution. The - [Argentina - President Addresses United Nations General Debate, 79th Session](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/argentina-president-addresses-united-nations-general-debate-79th-session/) - In a world increasingly defined by creeping authoritarianism under the guise of “global cooperation,” a lone voice has emerged with clarity and courage. That voice belongs to Argentina’s President Javier Milei, who recently addressed the United Nations with a speech that shattered the usual scripted diplomacy and called out, by name and ideology, the institutions - [Constitutional Conventions ~ The Australasian Federation Conference of 1890](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-conventions-the-australasian-federation-conference-of-1890/) - The Australasian Federation Conference of 1890, held in Melbourne from February 6 to 14, marked the first formal political step toward uniting the six Australian colonies and New Zealand under a federated system. While the conference itself was limited to delegates from government circles, it played out against a backdrop of intense public scrutiny and - [Digital Rights Watch Submission](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/digital-rights-watch-submission/) - Digital Rights Watch (DRW) responded critically to the Productivity Commission's interim report on digital tech and data, warning that the report underestimates the risks to privacy, autonomy, and human rights. DRW challenges the optimism around AI and tech-led innovation, calling for stronger safeguards against surveillance, corporate overreach, and biased decision-making systems. They urge the Commission - [Freeman v Maher [2024] VSC 682 (6 November 2024)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freeman-v-maher-2024-vsc-682-6-november-2024/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/au_cases_vic_VSC_2024_682.pdf" title="_au_cases_vic_VSC_2024_682"] - [MURDER BY INJECTION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/murder-by-injection-3/) - Eustace Mullins’ Murder by Injection offers a critical account of the development of the American medical system, focusing on the growing influence of pharmaceutical companies, regulatory bodies, and private foundations throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. While the book is best known for its conspiratorial tone, several historical elements within it are based on verifiable - [Vassallo Win! Huge Breakthrough for Self Represented Drivers](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vassallo-win-a-breakthrough-for-self-represented-drivers/) - In a quietly significant ruling, the NSW Supreme Court has handed a lifeline to self-represented litigants battling traffic fines and bureaucratic stonewalling. In Vassallo v Commissioner of Fines Administration [2024] NSWSC 1558, the court overturned the Commissioner’s refusal to review a speeding fine exposing systemic flaws in how government agencies handle challenges from ordinary people. - [The Power to abolish ALL State Land Taxes rests within the Constitutional Sovereignty of the People of The Commonwealth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-power-to-abolish-all-state-land-taxes-rests-within-the-constitutional-sovereignty-of-the-people-of-the-commonwealth/) - Who holds the Power in Australia? At the heart of Australia’s democratic system lies the fundamental principle of constitutional sovereignty of the people. This means that the ultimate authority and power to govern rest not with any government, parliament, or monarch, but with the people themselves. Sovereignty refers to the supreme power to make and enforce - [Neglected and Forgotten? Public Outcry over Shrine of Remembrance.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/neglected-and-forgotten-public-outcry-over-shrine-of-remembrance/) - The Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, one of Australia’s most sacred war memorials, is showing visible signs of neglect raising urgent questions about the leadership of its governing body and whether it is failing in its legal and moral responsibilities to the public. During a recent visit to the Shrine, signs of decay and disrepair - [STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER ADOPTION BILL 1937](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statute-of-westminster-adoption-bill-1937/) - STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER ADOPTION BILL 1937 Second Reading Mr MENZIES: AttorneyGeneral · Kooyong · UAP – I move - That the bill now read a second time. This measure provides for the adoption of sections 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Statute of Westminster 1931. It is desirable that I should refer, as - [Can the Australian Government legally eliminate physical money?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-the-australian-government-legally-eliminate-physical-money/) - The question of whether the Australian Government can legally eliminate physical money such as coins and banknotes is more complex than it appears. At the heart of the issue lies Section 51(xii) of the Australian Constitution, which gives the Commonwealth Parliament the power to make laws with respect to “currency, coinage, and legal tender.” This provision has - [Avoiding Future Tax Increases.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/avoiding-future-tax-increases/) - In the increasingly complex tax landscape, uncertainty can pose a significant risk for both individuals and businesses. Whether it relates to the treatment of a capital gain, the deductibility of an expense, or the structuring of a major transaction, taxpayers often find themselves needing reassurance that their interpretation of the law aligns with that of - [The Dormant Office of the Australian King.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-dormant-office-of-the-australian-king/) - Prior to 1953 the Monarch's role in the British Empire was 'indivisible' meaning there was but one Monarch over all of the British realms (Australia, New Zealand, Canada etc). Since that time in 1952, the British realms at an economical conference in London decided to divide the Monarch's Crown into localised Crowns, (Queen of Australia, - [Live Birth Record NSW.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/live-birth-record-nsw/) - Use this form to apply for a copy of the documents related to an event registered by the NSW Registry of Births Deaths & Marriages. 3 pages. Historical [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/apply-for-original-registration-nsw.pdf" title="apply for original registration nsw"] Current [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/apply-for-original-registration-form.pdf"] - [Queensland Birth registration source document](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queensland-birth-registration-source-document/) - Use this form to apply for a certified copy of a birth registration source document but not for a certificate needed for identification or estate purposes. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/birth-source-document-request-Queensland.pdf" title="birth-source-document-request Queensland"] - [Live Birth Record Application Form.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/live-birth-record-application-form/) - Official application to obtain your source document, the Live Birth Record from the Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria. Dont forget to meet the identification requirements as stipulated on page four of the application. Before lodging your application you MUST have all supporting documentation certified. Below is an explanatory video to assist the process, - [WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LIVE BIRTH APPLICATION FORM](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/western-australian-live-birth-application-form/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FH3-copy-of-birth-registration-statement.pdf"] - [Australia's Phoney Sovereignty?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australias-phoney-sovereignty/) - The Palace Letters and the 1975 Coup Australia’s High Court has ruled that the correspondence between Queen Elizabeth II and Governor-General Sir John Kerr is not the Queen’s private property but belongs to the public record. This decision unlocks the release of the so-called “Palace Letters” from 1975, the year Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was - [Australian Standards](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-standards/) - What are Australian Standards? Standards are documents setting out specifications, procedures and guidelines. They are designed to ensure products, services and systems are safe, reliable and consistent. They are based on industrial, scientific and consumer experience and are regularly reviewed to ensure they keep pace with new technologies. Australian Standards cover everything from consumer products - [Are you Being Tracked?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-you-being-tracked/) - The ACLU’s 2013 report You Are Being Tracked presents a detailed examination of how law enforcement agencies across the United States have increasingly adopted automatic license plate readers (ALPRs) to collect vast amounts of location data on millions of drivers often without meaningful oversight, regulation, or public awareness. ALPRs are high speed cameras that capture - [Western Australian Embassy for the Province of Southern Australia ~ Established July 2025.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/western-australian-embassy-for-the-province-of-southern-australia-established-july-2025/) - Constitution Watch wishes to congratulate the diplomats of the newly established Western Australian Embassy for the Province of Southern Australia. The Wurruwarrin Embassy, established on 30 July 2025, is a sovereign and spiritual entity founded under the authority of Grandmother Sandy Ross, the Head of State and Custodian of the Wurruwarrin. Though physically located in - ["Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom Erecting and Establishing the Province of South Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letters-patent-under-the-great-seal-of-the-united-kingdom-erecting-and-establishing-the-province-of-south-australia/) - Privy Council (United Kingdom) --- "Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom Erecting and Establishing the Province of South Australia and Fixing the Boundaries thereof, 19 February 1836" [1836] IndigLRes 1 Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom erecting and establishing the Province of South Australia and fixing the - [The Solemn League of Covenant of the People of the Commonwealth of Australia. The Call to Action!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-solemn-league-of-covenant-of-the-people-of-the-commonwealth-of-australia-the-call-to-action/) - The Solemn League and Covenant of the People of the Commonwealth of Australia (Parchment Edition) is a formal declaration rooted in historical covenants such as the Scottish National Covenant of 1638 and the Ulster Covenant of 1912. Drawing authority from the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp.), it asserts that sovereignty ultimately resides with - [THE EMPIRE OF "The City"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-empire-of-the-city/) - E.C. Knuth’s The Empire of “The City”, originally published in 1946, reads today less like a relic of post war paranoia and more like a chilling warning. While it was once dismissed by mainstream historians as a conspiracy laced critique of financial power, current global events now cast Knuth’s message in a very different light. - [Objection to Road Toll Charges for Profit.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/objection-to-road-toll-charges-for-profit/) - When tolls are legitimately charged, they are traditionally seen as user-pays fees intended to recover the cost of building and maintaining infrastructure. This is a form of cost recovery, not strictly a "tax" in the conventional sense, though it functions similarly. Although the States have some power to levy fees to pay for public services - [Israel Interferes with Australian Free Speech.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/israel-interferes-with-australian-free-speech/) - Allegations of foreign interference have ignited across Australia’s independent media and public forums, following revelations that Israeli-linked lobbying groups were allegedly behind a campaign to pressure The Star Casino Gold Coast into cancelling the upcoming Free Speech Summit and Independent Media Awards, slated for July 19–20. The high-profile event organised by the Australian National Review - [Does the Law of Nations apply to Private Membership Associations.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-the-law-of-nations-apply-to-private-membership-associations/) - The Law of Nations, is the body of principles governing relations between sovereign states under international law. The central concept of the Law of Nations (or international law) focuses on the rights and responsibilities of states, governments, and international organizations in areas such as diplomacy, trade, human rights, the conduct of war, and the - [Registration of Medical Certificate - Seat Belt exemption NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/registration-of-medical-certificate-seat-belt-exemption-nsw/) - Registration of a medical certificate avoids multiple individual applications to Revenue NSW to waive each individual camera detected seatbelt fine. To apply to register a seatbelt exemption medical certificate with Transport for NSW you can complete a Registration of Medical Certificate form. A seatbelt exemption medical certificate is only valid for up to one year. - [Australian Capital Territory Protest Protections.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-capital-territory-protest-protections/) - [Betting Across Borders — Betfair Pty Limited v Western Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/betting-across-borders-betfair-pty-limited-v-western-australia/) - Betfair Pty Ltd v Western Australia (2008) was a significant case decided by the High Court of Australia that dealt with the interpretation of Section 92 of the Australian Constitution, which guarantees the freedom of interstate trade, commerce, and intercourse. In this case, Betfair, a company that operated an online betting exchange, challenged Western Australian - [Hamod v State of New South Wales [2002] FCA 1348](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/hamod-v-state-of-new-south-wales-2002-fca-1348/) - Hamod v State of New South Wales [2002] FCA 1348 is a significant Federal Court case that illustrates the challenges courts face when dealing with self-represented litigants (SRLs). In this case, Mr Hamod brought proceedings against the State of New South Wales and a private entity, alleging serious claims including false arrest, malicious prosecution, and - [PUBLIC NOTICE SOUTH AUSTRALIA ~ Province of South Australia Established.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-notice-south-australia-province-of-south-australia-established/) - Let it be known on this day, Tuesday 13th day of May 2025 the Province of South Australia was reestablished by the Wurruwarrin Private Members Association of 1835. - [Victorian Code of Conduct](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorian-code-of-conduct/) - A collaboration of research for the good people of Victoria of what should be and if it is not one can use to hold rogue agencies and employees to account. This can also be used in conjunction with Unconscionable Conduct laws which has a $1.1 million fine attached for the perpatrator. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/VICTORIAN-CODE-OF-CONDUCT.pdf" title="VICTORIAN CODE - [Supreme Court judgment on vaccination directions issued to Qld Police and Qld Ambulance officers](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/supreme-court-judgment-on-vaccination-directions-issued-to-qld-police-and-qld-ambulance-officers/) - Background & Proceedings On 27 February 2024, Justice Martin delivered judgment in three consolidated judicial review cases. Two challenges arose against vaccination directives issued by the Commissioner of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) in Johnston and Sutton, while the third challenged a directive issued by the Director-General of Queensland Health to Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) officers - [Taxing You for Their Mistakes: The Scam of Unrealised Gains](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/taxing-you-for-their-mistakes-the-scam-of-unrealised-gains/) - There is a growing push to introduce a tax on unrealised gains, taxing Australians not on money they’ve earned, but on paper increases in the value of their assets. At first glance, this might sound like a progressive tax reform. But look closer, and it becomes clear, this is not just flawed policy, it’s economic - [Are ICLEI Undermining National Sovereignty Through Non-State and Subnational Engagement?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-iclei-undermining-national-sovereignty-through-non-state-and-subnational-engagement/) - The ICLEI Strategic Vision 2024–2027, presented under the theme “The Power of Our Network in a Changing World", outlines a global plan for scaling local climate and sustainability action. On the surface, it appears as a practical and cooperative initiative to address environmental concerns through localised governance. However, upon deeper examination, the strategy raises significant - [International Ore Fertilizer Corp v East Coast Fertiliser Co Ltd.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-ore-fertilizer-corp-v-east-coast-fertiliser-co-ltd/) - The time for objecting to the documents was when they were presented. After they had been accepted and the Bill of Exchange given it was to late to take any point about their inaccuracy. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/International-Ore-Fertilizer-Corp-v-East-Coast-Fertiliser-Co-Ltd.pdf" title="International Ore & Fertilizer Corp v East Coast Fertiliser Co Ltd"] - [What Is the TGA Regulating If It Can’t Prove It Followed Its Own Vaccine Safety Plan?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/what-is-the-tga-regulating-if-it-cant-prove-it-followed-its-own-vaccine-safety-plan/) - Over a 3 year battle, Paul Rekaris & Dr Julie Sladden have battled to expose hard truths behind Australia’s vaccine safety oversight. The TGA had denied accountability documents existed, until they didn’t. The battle continues . A three-year battle under the Freedom of Information (FOI) Act has pulled back the curtain on a troubling contradiction - [Out-of-date VicRoads data blamed for Sheriff's office failing to recoup more than $100m in fines](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/out-of-date-vicroads-data-blamed-for-sheriffs-office-failing-to-recoup-more-than-100m-in-fines/) - VICROADS' address database is hampering efforts to recoup millions of dollars in unpaid fines, a scathing Ombudsman's report has found. Ombudsman George Brouwer found the road authority's data contributed to the Sheriff's office failing to recoup more than $100 million in unenforced warrants each year. "Out-of-date address data is a major factor leading to the - [Suppression and secrecy: how Australia's government put a boot on journalism's throat](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/suppression-and-secrecy-how-australias-government-put-a-boot-on-journalisms-throat/) - Suppression and secrecy: how Australia's government put a boot on journalism's throat Richard Ackland This article is more than 1 year old News publishers find it less risky, and maybe more profitable, if stories about abuse of power are shunted in favour of trivia ‘There was an eerie sense of a police state when images - ['A culture of secrecy': what is the Right to Know campaign about?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-culture-of-secrecy-what-is-the-right-to-know-campaign-about/) - MEDIA COMPANIES SAY THEIR JOURNALISTS ARE BEING STOPPED FROM HOLDING THE POWERFUL TO ACCOUNT. WHAT'S STOPPING THEM? WHAT DO THEY WANT GOVERNMENT TO DO ABOUT IT? WHY SHOULD YOU CARE? BY FERGUS HUNTER OCTOBER 21, 2019 All of Australia’s major media organisations have joined forces to call for reforms to protect public interest journalism in - [Search Warrant ~ Whats Involved?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/warrant-requirements/) - Ever wondered what is involved with a search warrant to enter your home or business premises and what constitutes a legal search warrant? Who can issue a search warrant in Victoria? How must a warrant be executed? What does a Warrant authorise? What is required of you? Scroll the page to see the entire content. - [Former ethical standards officer with Victoria Police convicted of sexual assault](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/former-ethical-standards-officer-with-victoria-police-convicted-of-sexual-assault/) - By court reporter Danny Tran Posted TueTuesday 11 AugAugust 2020 at 4:36pm, updated TueTuesday 11 AugAugust 2020 at 6:34pm A former high-ranking Victoria Police officer, whose job it was to maintain ethical standards within the force, has been convicted of rubbing his genitals on a man in a Melbourne bar. Key points: Michael Simpson — - [Law Reform Committee ~ Warrant Powers & Procedures](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-reform-committee-warrant-powers-procedures/) - While warrants are one of the most basic and frequently used tools of the justice system, most members of the community will have no experience of them. For the majority of people, it is not until they come into contact with a warrant that they become aware of their pervasive nature and the significant intrusions - [WARRANT LAWS ~ A warrant ~ "MUST" ~ be in the prescribed form.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/warrant-laws-a-warrant-must-be-in-the-prescribed-form/) - Below is a compilation of Acts and Rules evidencing the confusing world of the Sheriffs Warrant, laws are to be drafted in a simple and easy to read fashion but here we see the deliberate confusion bought about by Victorian legislators that even lawyers have difficulty following & understanding, one would ask themselves why are - [Rights on a Bill of Exchange.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/rights-on-a-bill-of-exchange/) - M.C. Trebilcock’s article "Rights on a Bill of Exchange", published in the University of Tasmania Law Review in 1966, is a detailed and thoughtful examination of the legal structure governing bills of exchange in Australian law. Trebilcock situates his analysis within the broader context of the Bills of Exchange Act 1909–1958 (Cth), which was heavily - [FDA sued for interfering with the use of Ivermectin to treat COVID-19.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fda-sued-for-interfering-with-the-use-of-ivermectin-to-treat-covid-19/) - Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has agreed to delete its most viral social media campaign of all time, which includes the infamous “You are not a horse” tweet and similar social media posts, as part of a settlement with three doctors in Apter v. Dep’t of Health and Human - [Judgments - Regina v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Appellant) ex parte Quark Fishing Limited](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/judgments-regina-v-secretary-of-state-for-foreign-and-commonwealth-affairs-appellant-ex-parte-quark-fishing-limited/) - A reference of notable import that states that the constitution is to be relied upon to note which office of the Queen acts. The Australian constitution Act is not silent on this identification of the office of the Queen. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CONSTITUTIONAL-POWER-AUTHORITY-EXTRACT-1.pdf" title="CONSTITUTIONAL POWER & AUTHORITY EXTRACT"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/QUARK-FISHING-CASE.pdf" title="QUARK FISHING CASE"] - [Guide to Caveat ~ Victoria.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/guide-to-caveat-victoria/) - The guide provides a practical explanation of how individuals can lodge a caveat over a property title in Victoria under the Transfer of Land Act 1958. It outlines who is eligible to lodge a caveat, what types of legal or equitable interests may justify a caveat, and the steps required to complete the process. The - [RESERVE POWERS OF THE CROWN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/reserve-powers-of-the-crown/) - Since Federation it has been an established principle that the Governor-General in exercising the powers and functions of the office should only do so with the advice of his or her Ministers of State, the principle has not always been followed. The Constitution provides definite and limited powers, although in some cases the ways in - [Objection to Land Valuations ~ Queensland](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/objection-to-land-valuations-queensland/) - The Landowner Guide to Site Value Objection is a document created to help Queensland landowners understand their rights and responsibilities when it comes to objecting to the site value assigned to their non-rural property by the Valuer-General. The site value is a statutory valuation used for calculating local government rates and other land-related charges. The - [Innocent men sue Victoria police over false imprisonment and alleged assault](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/innocent-men-sue-victoria-police-over-false-imprisonment-and-alleged-assault/) - Nik Dimopoulos, who was mistakenly arrested at the Hares and Hyenas bookshop, and Bill Tsipas have filed cases in the supreme court Ben Butler and Josh Taylor Thu 11 Jun 2020 09.49 AESTLast modified on Thu 11 Jun 2020 09.59 AEST Two innocent men who were detained and allegedly assaulted by Victoriapolice are suing the - [Do Police have a Duty of Care to protect the Public?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/do-police-have-a-duty-of-care-to-protect-the-public/) - Published: 25 October 2018 Author: Adele White Woman wins right to sue police over family violence The Supreme Court of Victoria has granted a woman and her three children the right to sue the State of Victoria for failing to better protect them from family violence. In August of this year, Justice John Dixon of - [FAILING TO VOTE successful grounds of appeals](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/failing-to-vote-successful-grounds-of-appeals/) - From Comments:High Court of Australia dismisses appeal against conviction, compulsory voting In DPP (for the Australian Electoral Commission) v Schorel-Hlavka the County Court of Victoria, Case numbers T01567737 & Q10897630 Mr G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B. appealed convictions by the Magistrates Court of Victoria at Melbourne of 17 November 2005 for FAILING TO VOTE. On Appeal - [Infringements Court.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/infringements-court/) - The very basis of it all lies with the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK). The States created in this constitution within Section 106 are so “subject to this constitution” which means all legal principles that are embedded in the constitution are relevant to the States also, for so far they are not specifically - [Behold a Pale Horse](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/behold-a-pale-horse/) - Bill Cooper, former United States Naval Intelligence Briefing Team member, reveals information that remains hidden from the public eye. This information has been kept in topsecret government files since the 1940s. His audiences hear the truth unfold as he writes about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the war on drugs, the secret government, and - [Contempt of Court NSW.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/contempt-of-court-nsw/) - Introduction The court’s powers in relation to contempt are found in s 24 Local Court Act 2007. Those powers are the same as the District Court with respect to contempt of court committed in the face or hearing of the court: s 24(1). Has there been a contempt in the face of the court Contempt in the - [Costs in criminal matters](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/costs-in-criminal-matters/) - Introduction Costs may be awarded to successful parties in criminal proceedings in the local court pursuant to four statutes: Criminal Procedure Act 1986, Costs in Criminal Cases Act 1967, Crimes Act 1900 and the Suitors’ Fund Act 1951. As a matter of policy, the Police Service, and Commonwealth and State Directors of Public Prosecution do - [Birth Certificate Content Review](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/birth-certificate-content-review/) - The New South Wales Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages (“the Registry”) is reviewing the content of birth certificates. Birth certificates have appeared in their current format (Appendix 1) for many decades, with only minor changes to content during that time. This review is being undertaken for the following reasons: Changes in how birth certificates - [Bill of Rights Constitutional Principals ruled.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/bill-of-rights-constitutional-principals-ruled/) - Port of Portland Pty Ltd v Victoria [2010] HCA 44 (8 December 2010) Last Updated: 8 December 2010 HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA FRENCH CJ, GUMMOW, HAYNE, HEYDON, CRENNAN, KIEFEL AND BELL JJ PORT OF PORTLAND PTY LTD APPELLANT AND STATE OF VICTORIA RESPONDENT Port of Portland Pty Ltd v Victoria [2010] HCA 44 8 - [GLOBAL REPORT: COVID-19 THE FACTS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/global-report-corona-virus-the-facts/) - A comprehensive overview of the facts of the COVID 19 Pandemic, a summary compelling the reader to investigate the current crisis, can it be verified and if so what is relied upon for the worlds economies to be destroyed and place future generations to come into an avalanche of debt. We compel you to weigh - [Police Camera Ruling 'denies courts critical evidence'](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/police-camera-ruling-denies-courts-critical-evidence/) - Victoria Police officers cannot be compelled to release footage from body-worn cameras in civil proceedings following a County Court decision last month which has prompted calls for urgent reform of the laws that regulate their use. The court ruling is expected to deny crucial evidence being tendered during civil trials that could prove an abuse of - [Estate in Fee Simple](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/estate-in-fee-simple/) - An estate in Fee Simple approaches as near to absolute ownership as the system of tenure will allow. It is capable of existing as long as there are heirs-at-law of the ownership for the time being, and since the law does not expect that there will be a failure of heirs, the duration of the - [THE FINAL SOLUTION TO PROPERTY TAX](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-final-solution-to-property-tax/) - “If the American people ever allow the banks to control the issuance of their currency, first by inflation and then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children will wake up homeless on the continent their fathers occupied.” Thomas Jefferson - [Adelaide man gets off red-light camera fine because no-one tested cars going through it on red](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/adelaide-man-gets-off-red-light-camera-fine-because-no-one-tested-cars-going-through-it-on-red/) - Share An Adelaide man has had a red-light camera fine overturned because it was never tested while cars were going through the intersection on a red light. Key points: David Woolmer's car was photographed going through a red arrow in March 2018 He elected to go to court and lost He has won an appeal, - [Speeding fine challenges likely after landmark South Australian court ruling, lawyer says](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/speeding-fine-challenges-likely-after-landmark-south-australian-court-ruling-lawyer-says/) - Share More drivers are expected to challenge speeding fines after an Adelaide man successfully challenged the accuracy of hand-held speed guns used by South Australian police. Adam Butcher's charge of driving at 102 kilometres per hour in a 50kph zone in 2012 was thrown out by the Supreme Court in Adelaide after it was - [SA Police to withdraw use of laser speed guns following court cases](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sa-police-to-withdraw-use-of-laser-speed-guns-following-court-cases/) - South Australian police have temporarily stopped using handheld speed detection laser guns, and will abandon 125 prosecutions against drivers. Key points: Several people have challenged speeding fines where a Lidar device was used Drivers who have unpaid speeding fines can ask for them to be reviewed SA Police said they had "no reason to question - [Future of handheld police speed guns in doubt in SA after Supreme Court judgments](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3069-2/) - Share The use of handheld speed guns by South Australian police has an uncertain future, after a series of landmark judgments in the Supreme Court. Key points: Three Supreme Court judgments have overturned fines for speeding detected using speed guns They were based on another 2016 judgment challenging police's method Judge says police's failure to - [Experts Questioning the Coronavirus Panic](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/experts-questioning-the-coronavirus-panic/) - Oct 6, 2020 ANOTHER 10 Experts Questioning the Coronavirus Panic Last month Dr Martin Feeley was forced to resignfrom his Health Board position after publicly stating that the virus was not dangerous and lockdown policies were doing more harm than good. Only a few days ago, Dr Marcus De Brun – an Irish GP who - [South Australia suspends red light camera fines](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/south-australia-suspends-red-light-camera-fines/) - South Australia will suspend all red light camera fines after a driver managed to get out of a $496 penalty by arguing the system hadn't been properly tested. David Woolmer, from Adelaide, originally contested the penalty dated from March 2018 in the magistrates court but when the fine was found to be valid, he fought - [THE MEANING OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-meaning-of-constitutional-supremacy/) - THE MEANING OF CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY Under this doctrine, if a law or contract violates any norm of the Constitution, that law or contract, whether promulgated by the legislative or by the executive branch or entered into by private persons for private purposes, is null and void and without any force and effect. Thus, since the - [THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE IS STILL SUPREME](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-voice-of-the-people-is-still-supreme/) - In January 1649 the commons resolved: ‘that the commons of England, in Parliament assembled, do declare, that the people are, under God, the original of all just power’ and indeed that the commons ‘being chosen by, and representing the people, have the supreme power in this Nation’ and again ‘that whatever is enacted or declared - [Defence Legislation Amendment (Enhancement of Defence Force Response to Emergencies) Bill 2020](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/defence-legislation-amendment-enhancement-of-defence-force-response-to-emergencies-bill-2020/) - A troubling Bill allowing foreign forces to enter Australia and hold zero liability for their actions. Summary Amends the: Defence Act 1903 to: streamline the process for calling out members of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Reserves, including for the purposes of responding to natural disasters or emergencies; and provide ADF members,other Defence personnel - [Has Western Australia left the Commonwealth of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-western-australia-left-the-commonwealth-of-australia/) - Has Western Australia left the indissoluble Commonwealth? Has Premier Mark McGowan sealed W.A. off from the rest of the nation never to return? Will Goods and Services Taxes be lifted or is this just a political power grab to deceive the people of Western Australia? Only time will tell... - [The Shetar's Effect on English Law.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-shetars-effect-on-english-law/) - English Law, like the English language, is an amalgam of diverse cultural influences. The legal system may fairly be seen as a composite of discrete elements from disparate sources. Several elements of historical Jewish legal practice have been integrated into the English Legal system. Notable among these is the written credit agreement- shear, or Starr, - [Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/declaration-of-the-rights-of-man-and-citizen/) - Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/dec_of_rights-of-Man-and-Citizen-FRANCE.pdf" title="dec_of_rights - [Person Definitions](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/person-definitions/) - ‘Person’ Bible quotes; in alphabetical order. Acts 10:34 “Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a trueth I perceiueth, God is no respecter of persons:” Deuteronomy 10:17 “For the LORD your God is God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh - [Police Powers in Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/police-powers-in-victoria/) - What this booklet covers This booklet is a general guide to help you when you deal with the police. It focuses on what police can and cannot do. The booklet covers things like arrest, being held in custody and searches. It also includes information about Protective Services Officers (PSOs). When dealing with the police - [Office of Person](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/office-of-person/) - Under the rule of construction "expressio unius est exclusio alterius," where a statute or Constitution enumerates the things on which it is to operate or forbids certain things, it is ordinarily to be construed as excluding from its operation all those not expressly mentioned. Generally words in a statute should be given their plain and - [Joosse & ANOR v Australian Securities and Investment Commission M35/1998 [1998] HCATrans 492 (15 December 1998)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/joosse-anor-v-australian-securities-and-investment-commission-m35-1998-1998-hcatrans-492-15-december-1998/) - IN THE HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA Office of the Registry Melbourne No M35 of 1998 B e t w e e n - WOLTER JOOSSE and JACQUELINE YVONNE JOOSSE Applicants and AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT COMMISSION (formerly the AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES COMMISSION) Respondent - [Australian Coat of Arms.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-coat-of-arms/) - The Federation of Australia and the establishment of a National flag for Australia occurred in 1901, yet there was no formal Coat of Arms for Australia at this time. Australia's first official Coat of Arms (above) was rudimentary, though managed to capture something special about our country and its relationship with mother England. The use - [Police Powers NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/police-powers-nsw/) - The following information may help you to understand the powers and what rights and responsibilities you have in different situations. A police officer may use as much force as is necessary to arrest you. Unreasonable force is an assault. After arrest, a police officer may handcuff you if for example you attempt to escape or the - [Is the 25km rule in Victoria a valid statutory provision?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-5km-rule-in-victoria-a-valid-statutory-provision/) - The Attorney General of Victoria stated the Human Rights and Responsibilities act is in full force throughout the pandemic, section 12 states the following ~ CHARTER OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ACT 2006 - SECT 12 Freedom of movement Every person lawfully within Victoria has the right to move freely within Victoria - [Magistrates Court ~ Form 13 ~ Witness Summons & Production of Documents ~ Criminal Jurisdiction.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/form13/) - From the Constitution Watch Archives Vault, the extremely hard to find Form 13 witness summons and production of documents in criminal jurisdiction, this document has been deleted from the Magistrates Court Forms ~ Could it be possible this administrative court want to provide an uneven playing field for those seeking justice in Criminal Jurisdiction within - [Tasmanian Cases in the High Court](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tasmanian-cases-in-the-high-court/) - TASMANIAN CASES IN THE HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA (Address to a meeting of the Royal Society of Tasmania by the Hon Justice Alan Blow OAM, Chief Justice of Tasmania, on 1 December 2015) As most of you probably know, the High Court of Australia was brought into existence by the Australian Constitution at the time of - [Fines debacle ‘probably affects every agency in Victoria’ including police and all local councils](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fines-debacle-probably-affects-every-agency-in-victoria-including-police-and-all-local-councils/) - Six Victorian councils have now agreed to pay back parking fines which were unlawfully issued, but there are suspicions there are many more yet to come forward. Glen Eira, Port Phillip and Stonnington councils have agreed to pay back thousands of parking fines, totalling almost $20 million, which were illegally reviewed by external contractors between - [Police accountability](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/police-accountability/) - Discriminatory policing What’s the problem ? Young people are often stopped and charged by police because of their colour, race or because they are from a family who are known to police, rather than because of their behaviour or a reasonable suspicion held by the police officer. Racial profiling Victoria saw a landmark legal case - [Independent Investigation of Complaints against the Police](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/independent-investigation-of-complaints-against-the-police/) - Police are granted powers by the state and it is the state’s responsibility to ensure that these powers are not abused. Police must be fully accountable for their every action when interacting with citizens. Police who abuse the trust of Victorians must be held accountable. Existing accountability mechanisms in Victoria have consistently failed to maintain - [Identity Theft tool Kit.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3205-2/) - What is identity theft? Identity theft is when someone takes and uses your personal information such as name, address, date of birth or mother’s maiden name to commit theft. With enough personal information, thieves can: Withdraw money from your bank accounts, including by internet and over the phone. open new bank accounts in your name - [Unnecessary Causation.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/unnecessary-causation/) - The causation question and the suggested answer At common law the question of causation is fundamental. But, as is often acknowledged, the basic question of causation is not a question of law: it is commonly described, in a misleading expression, as 'causation in fact'. The true causal question is not actually one of fact. It - [Forms under the Federal Court (Bankruptcy) Rules 2016](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/forms-under-the-federal-court-bankruptcy-rules-2016/) - The Bankruptcy Rules provide for approved forms. Below is a list of all the forms required when dealing with bankruptcy in the Federal Court of Australia. Make sure you seek legal advise as Bankruptcy can be long and windy road. No. Title Download B1 Title Subrule 1.07(5) docx - 19 kb pdf - 10kb - [Tracking Protective Services Officers.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tracking-protective-services-officers/) - The risk of PSOs using unnecessary physical force and inappropriately using weapons such as capsi- cum spray and batons remains because there is no independent monitoring and public reporting of how often PSOs use force compared to police and whether there are any concerning trends in the use of force by PSOs at particular train - [Estoppel...](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/estoppel/) - This paper is a comprehensive analysis of the barring of suits by cestuis que trust against their trustees for breach of trust. The defence of acquiescence is examined, with a specific focus on its meaning and constituent elements, after an analysis of the recent decision of the High Court of Australia in Byrnes v Kendle. - [Constitutional Law ~ Power of Governor to enact amendments to statutes without the necessity of reserving the same for Royal assent](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3236-2/) - Constitutional Law--Colonial Legislature-Power of Governor to enact amendments to statutes without the necessity of reserving the same for Royal assent--Competence of colonial legislature to eliminate Crown as part of Parliament-"The Australian Constitutions "Act, 1842"-"The Australian Constitutions Act, 1850, The "Colonial Laws Validity Act, 1865" Repugnancy to Imperial Acts -Statute--Construction--Statute Law Revision--The Statute " Law Revision - [Property Rights.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/property-rights/) - The common law has long regarded a person’s property rights as fundamental. William Blackstone said in 1773: ‘There is nothing which so generally strikes the imagination, and engages the affections of mankind, as the right of property’.1 In the national consultation on ‘Rights and Responsibilities’, conducted by the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) in 2014, - [United Nations ~ Compulsory vaccination violates the right to informed consent](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/united-nations-compulsory-vaccination-violates-the-right-to-informed-consent/) - Compulsory vaccination violates the right to informed consent, one of the most fundamental ethics in medicine and a human right recognized under international law, including the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966, the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of 2005, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with - [Minimum Restriction on the Rights of any person?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/minimum-restriction-on-the-rights-of-any-person/) - Are you being lied to Victoria? Part 8—Management and control of infectious diseases, micro-organisms and medical conditions Division 1—Principles applying to the management and control of infectious diseases PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING ACT 2008 - SECT 111 Principles The following principles apply to the management and - [Invisible Contracts.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/invisible-contracts/) - "...the Constitution does not apply here." That statement shocks most people up a wall -- but it is an accurate and correct statement. The Judge will never tell you why, though. Of all of the different Judges that I know who have blurted out that statement, none of the criminal defendants have ever pressed the - [If the Queens role in the Constitution is entrenched who is the Queen of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/if-the-queens-role-in-the-constitution-is-entrenched-who-is-the-queen-of-australia/) - The Queen’s role in relation to Australia is entrenched in the Constitution. Section 1 states that the Commonwealth Parliament consists of a House of Representatives, a Senate and the Queen. Under section 2, the Queen is empowered to appoint the Governor-General as her representative in the Commonwealth. Under section 61 the ‘executive’ power of the - [Disallowance ~ Section 59 of the Constitution.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/disallowance-section-59-of-the-constitution/) - The author looked to the Attorney Generals Office for clarity on the execution of section 59 of the Commonwealth Constitution entailing the Queens oversight of disallowance of Bills presented for Royal Assent. It appears the Queen of Australia lacks the power to engage this provision since her creation and beyond. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/QUEEN-IDENTITY-AG-.pdf" title="QUEEN IDENTITY - [The Evolution of Bankruptcy and insolvency laws and the case of the deed of company arrangement](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-evolution-of-bankruptcy-and-insolvency-laws-and-the-case-of-the-deed-of-company-arrangement/) - This article considers the process of historical development of the bankruptcy and insolvency laws in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. The central point is to demonstrate that the process has been one ofprogressive liberalisation of consequences accompanied either by increased regulation or new and innovate flexible techniques of creditor involvement. We conclude - [Corona Virus Act 2020 Explanatory](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/corona-virus-act-2020-explanatory/) - These Explanatory Notes explain what each part of the Act means in practice; provide background information on the development of policy; and provide additional information on how the Act affects existing legislation in this area. These Explanatory Notes might best be read alongside the Act. They are not, and are not intended to be, a - [Medical aspects of overexposures to electromagnetic fields](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/medical-aspects-of-overexposures-to-electromagnetic-fields/) - An overexposure to an electromagnetic field (EMF) is of intense concern to workers or members of the public. A doctor’s scientific and humane skills are fully required to manage these patients. This paper is intended to guide the management of these cases. It is based on previous papers and clinical experience by one of the - [75 years of support for the United Nations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/75-years-of-support-for-the-united-nations/) - International Policy Friday, 23 October 2020 Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet [Photo: The Australian Minister for External Affairs and Attorney-General, Dr HV Evatt, signs the Charter of the United Nations on behalf of Australia, watched by the Australian Deputy Prime Minister, Francis M Forde (right), San Francisco, 26 June 1945. - UN Photo/McLain] 24 - [DISPOSAL OF UNCOLLECTED GOODS ACT 1970 ~ W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/disposal-of-uncollected-goods-act-1970-w-a/) - Have your goods been unlawfully sold outside of what the law provides? It has come to the attention of Constitution Watch that many farmers have been illegally forced off their land without the Right to collect their farm machinery, vehicles and personal goods. Ask the assignee for a copy of their application to the court - [THE FOI ACT 1982 AND THE FOI ACT 2000 (UK): ARE THERE LESSONS WE CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-foi-act-1982-and-the-foi-act-2000-uk-are-there-lessons-we-can-learn-from-each-other/) - It is almost a quarter of a century since the Commonwealth’s Freedom of Information Act 1982 was enacted. At about the same time, similar legislation was passed in New Zealand (the Official Information Act 1982) and in Canada (the Access to Information Act 1985). More than a decade earlier the US had passed its Freedom - [Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fairfield-infectious-diseases-hospital/) - Victoria in the 1860s was rife with disease. Diphtheria, typhoid, small pox and scarlet fever were all killers. The Victorian Colonial Government began to discuss the idea of creating a hospital to treat patients with infectious diseases. Two sites were considered, the Yarra Bend and further along Heidelberg Road. The Yarra Bend site was the - [Private Capacity ~ Code of Conduct ~ N.T.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/private-capacity-code-of-conduct/) - Are Police acting under their Code of Conduct? NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA POLICE ADMINISTRATION ACT 1978 14A General orders (1) The Commissioner may, from time to time, in writing, issue such general orders and instructions as are necessary : (a) to secure the good government and efficient working of the Police Force; (2) Without limiting subsection (1), general orders - [Queensland Police ~ Standard of Professional Practice](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queensland-police-service-standard-of-professional-practice/) - The Queensland Public Service operates under the Code of Conduct for the Queensland Public Service (Code of Conduct). The Code of Conduct applies to employees of Queensland public service agencies, which are defined under the Public Sector Ethics Act 1994 (PSEA), when they are performing official duties. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Operation-Impala-Exhibit-116-Queensland-Police-Service-Standard-of-Professional-Practice-Final-Draft-22-October-2019.pdf"] - [Statute Law Revision Act 1973 ~ Hansard Debates.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statute-law-revision-act-1973-hansard-debates/) - The Statute Law Revision Act 1973 purports to remove the Commonwealth from every Act of the Commonwealth Parliament, ALP Ministers and Senators assured both Houses there was only a change in the form and that the substance remained, looking back we now know this was a blatant deception by the ALP to deceive the Parliament. - [REMOVAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH ~ Statute Law Revision Act 1973.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/removal-of-the-commonwealth-statute-law-revision-act-1973/) - In 1973 a scheme came about to remove the Commonwealth and create a new entity outside of what the law provides for. The Statute Law Revision Act was hidden for decades to hide this deception played on every Australian without his or her knowledge. A system so slight of hand it has taken many decades - [South Australia ~ Referendums.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/south-australia-referendums/) - A referendum allows eligible electors to express an opinion on adopting or changing public policy issues or their constitution. In Australia, referenda are initiated by the Commonwealth, State or Territory parliaments. Like general elections, voting in referenda is compulsory for all enrolled electors. Australia's first ever referendum was held in South Australia in 1896 and - [Open Letter Concerning the Police Enforcement of ongoing COVID-19 restrictions](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/open-letter-concerning-the-police-enforcement-of-ongoing-covid-19-restrictions/) - This document has been signed by 70 police officers concerned with a takeover within Australia who state ~ We are reaching out to all our fellow police officers across the country, to write a similar letter to their respective police commissioners, or sign our form at https://advocateme.wixsite.com/copsforcovidtruth to show your support for this stance, which - [Queensland Constitution (Prior to reprints).](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queensland-constitution-prior-to-reprints/) - Queensland Constitution prior to Reprints including sub-section 14 under section 53 concerning sections requiring a referendum. Many thanks to Michelle Lynette of the family Schafer for providing the resource. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/qld_constitution_act_1867_1sep87.pdf"] - [Original Queensland Constitution.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/original-queensland-constitution/) - The ORIGINAL unamended Queensland Constitution of 1867 – found after vigorous research into old Queensland Government Gazette extracts by the Community Law Group Queensland to whom we all provide many Thanks for their contribution! [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Original-1867-Queensland-Constitution-CLGQ.pdf"] - [FOI ~ Does anything Exist in Victoria to allow Daniel Andrews to engage with Sovereign Nations outside of the Commonwealth of Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/foi-daniel-andrews/) - The author wrote to the Victorian Department of Premier and Cabinet to establish is there was anything within the State of Victoria to allow Daniel Andrews the power to act with international personality to engage with Sovereign Nations outside of the Commonwealth of Australia. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Signed-Decision-202021-49.pdf" title="Signed Decision - 202021-49"] - [Petition of Right 1860.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/petition-of-right-1860/) - Petition of Right, 1628, a statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I . Refusal by Parliament to finance the king's unpopular foreign policy had caused his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subjects' houses as an economy measure. Arbitrary arrest and imprisonment for opposing these policies - [SENTENCING ACT ~ "Dismiss the Charge"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sentencing-act-dismiss-the-charge/) - Below is a collection of provisions of each of the States and Territories Sentencing Acts to allow one to have a charge dismissed without recording a conviction. Victoria SENTENCING ACT 1991 - SECT 76 Unconditional dismissal A court, on being satisfied that a person is guilty of an offence, may (without recording a - [Is anyone in Australia exempt from the Treason Felony Act?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-anyone-in-australia-exempt-from-the-treason-felony-act/) - The author wrote to the Attorney General of Australia to establish if anything existed or was in place to exempt the courts, judges and people of every State and every part of the Commonwealth from the Treason and Felony Act in the practice of denying Her Majesty's Rightful Title and to establish if anything existed - [THE HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE TREASON FELONY ACT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-historical-and-political-context-of-the-treason-felony-act/) - Treason is ‘a crime which has a vague circumference, and more than one centre’. The multiple facets of treason are reflected in the type of hyperbolic language that statutory and common law use to define it. In most jurisdictions, treason is viewed as the reflection of political undercurrents. It is considered as the primary offence - [The AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION as it is ACTUALLY WRITTEN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-australian-constitution-as-it-is-actually-written/) - In 1901, Dr. John Quick and a barrister, Robert Garran, wrote their monumental volume, “The Annotated Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia”. It took them a thousand and eight pages to try and explain the Constitution in relation to the culture and legal concepts of the nineteenth century thinking. That thinking automatically enshrined the Westminster - [Australian Network of Lawyers who are concerned about how laws are improperly used against Australians](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-network-of-lawyers-who-are-concerned-about-how-laws-are-improperly-used-against-australians/) - A group of concerned lawyers have put together the following information to challenge the Australian and State Governments narrative in respect of the Covid19 Pandemic from expert and other evidence that is publicly available in Australia and worldwide, there appears to be strong evidence that there can no longer be a reliance on the premise - [Harrison Research Report on Covid19](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/harrison-research-report-on-covid19/) - The Australian government has not provided evidence to show that societal lockdown is proportionate to the risks of society continuing to function, with more nuanced management strategies. It has offered vague promises of ‘winning the battle” and implied threats of an apocalyptic public health meltdown if perpetual lockdown is not adhered to. This statements are - [Common Law Origins.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/common-law-origins/) - Australia and Britain have remarkably few constitutional guarantees of fundamental rights. This is not to say, of course, that the two countries are without any such protections. The Magna Carta of 1215 ("that great confirmatory instrument ... which is the ground work of all our Constitutions"10) and the Bill of Rights of 1689 ("the product - [FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-assembly-and-association/) - From student occupations of universities in Paris in 1968 to the Arab Spring of 2011, Mass demonstrations have been the way people demand social change. Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), combined with Article 19’s freedom of expression, together ensure the right to gather publicly or privately and collectively express, promote, - [Section 51(xxvi) The Race Power.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/section-51xxvi-the-race-power/) - On 1 March 1967, Prime Minister Harold Holt introduced the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginals) Bill, which proposed the deletion of words ‘other than the Aboriginal race in any State’ from section 51(xxvi), as well as the deletion of section 127. The amendment would give Parliament power to make special laws for Aboriginal people which, with the - [Can your Allegiance be transferred?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3511-2/) - After discovering the legal meaning of allegiance in the Butterworths Legal Dictionary the author wrote to the Attorney General of Australia so as to understand what had legally occurred to transfer his allegiance from the Queen of the United Kingdom found at clause 2 of the Constitution to an adopted title created by a Parliament - [CODE OF CONDUCT ~ Western Australia Police.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/code-of-conduct-western-australia-police/) - Police members must adhere to all policy, protocols and procedures including those contained in the Police Act 1892, Police Force Regulations 1979, the Police Manual and any other lawful directive. Criminal action, corruption, unlawful conduct, dishonest and unethical conduct, breaches of discipline and conflicts of interest, and failure to report the same, relating to Police, - [Report on the Trespass Act.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/report-on-the-trespass-act/) - It is necessary to give some consideration at the outset to the common law concept of trespass to land. At common law, trespass to land "is committed by directly and intentionally ... entering or remaining upon or causing some object to come into contact with land in the possession of another, without the consent of - [Northern Land Council v Quall ~ HCA 33 ~2020.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/northern-land-council-v-quall-hca-33-2020/) - Native title representative bodies, governments around the country, and countless participants in the resources, can all breathe a sigh of relief after the High Court unanimously decided that a representative body’s function of certifying applications for the registration of Indigenous land use agreements (ILUAs) can be carried out by the body’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). - [Law of Evidence.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-of-evidence/) - “ The rules of Evidence,” says Mr. Wills, “are the practical maxims of legal and philosophic sagacity and experience, matured and methodized by a succession of wise men, as the best means of discriminating truth from error, and of con­ tracting as far as possible the dangerous power of judicial discretion.” “ Such rules,” “ - [The Victorian Constitution 1975 ~ Is it Legal? ~ An alternative View.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-victorian-constitution-1975-is-it-legal-an-alternative-view/) - They claim to have overwhelming evidence that Victoria has been in a "constitutional void" and that the current Victorian Parliament is "unlawful" and "unconstitutional" as one member, states the Victorian Parliament enacted a Constitution in 1975 which was unlawfully enacted. The provision claimed to allow for the enactment of the Victorian Constitution Act l975 to - [The art of the “Word Game” ~ “General Acceptance” ~ bought to you by the Australian Parliament.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-art-of-the-word-game-general-acceptance-bought-to-you-by-the-australian-parliament/) - Is one compelled to observe the written law, and obey the written law? Or can one operate in a belief under a “General Acceptance?” The Australian Government believes we no longer observe or obey the written law but alternatively operate under the term of “General Acceptance” such as we now owe an allegiance to an - [Australian Law Journal ~ FOI ~ Australian Parliament v Parliament of the Commonwealth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-law-journal-australian-parliament-v-parliament-of-the-commonwealth/) - The Australian Law Journal provides evidence of an Australian Parliament acting outside of the Commonwealth Constitution due to a dislike of what Section 1 provides for and hereinafter prescribes ~ A Commonwealth Parliament and not an Australian Parliament as invoked by the "New" Australian Parliament through the doctrine of General acceptance. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION - ["Secret Instructions for Lieutenant James Cook Appointed to Command His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour, 30 July 1768"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/secret-instructions-for-lieutenant-james-cook-appointed-to-command-his-majestys-bark-the-endeavour-30-july-1768/) - Commissioners for Executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain --- "Secret Instructions for Lieutenant James Cook Appointed to Command His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour, 30 July 1768" [Lieutenant Cook's Instructions] [1768] IndigLRes 1 Secret Instructions for Lieutenant James Cook, Appointed to Command His Majesty's Bark the Endeavour 30 July 1768 (UK) - [Tribal Treaty denied by the Crown?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tribal-treaty-denied-by-the-crown/) - Is this Evidence of the Crown's denial to the Original Tribes of Terra Australis to form treaties? Bourke, Richard --- "Proclamation By His Excellency Major General Sir Richard Bourke, K.C.B. Commanding His Majesty's Forces, Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, and - [Covid-19: The Great Reset.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-the-great-reset/) - About Covid-19: The Great Reset Since it made its entry on the world stage, COVID-19 has dramatically torn up the existing script of how to govern countries, live with others and take part in the global economy. Written by World Economic Forum Founder Klaus Schwab and Monthly Barometer author Thierry Malleret, COVID- 19: The Great - [LAW OF BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-of-belligerent-occupation/) - The law of belligerent occupation (which from now on we will refer to simply as the law of occupation) governs the relationship between the occupying power, on the one hand, and the wholly or partially occupied State and its inhabitants, including refugees and stateless persons, on the other. It is applicable only in international armed - [High Court of Australia Public Lecture 2017 By Edwin Cameron*](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/high-court-of-australia-public-lecture-2017-by-edwin-cameron/) - An interesting lecture and can be taken to be alike to the Australian scheme currently in play. After 350 years of racial subordination and exclusion, South Africa became a democracy in 1994, under what was praised as the world’s “most progressive” Constitution. Twenty three years later, inequality and dispossession persist, crime and corruption are high, - [Gladstone Ports Corporation Limited-v-Murphy Operator Pty-Ltd Ors 2020 QCA 250](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/gladstone-ports-corporation-limited-v-murphy-operator-pty-ltd-ors-2020-qca-250/) - Where the appellant dredged waterways, excavated soil, and placed the materials dredged or excavated into various other places around the port of Gladstone – where the first, second and third respondents are plaintiffs in a class action brought pursuant to Part 13A of the Civil Proceedings Act 2011 (Qld) – where the respondents allege that, - [Section 116 Law Review.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/section-116-law-review/) - The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, orfor imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office of public trust under the Commonwealth: Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia s 116. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/TASMANIAN-LAW-REVIEW-s116.pdf" - [CHILDREN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY LAW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/children-and-childrens-rights-in-the-context-of-family-law/) - Research carried out in Australia and elsewhere over the past two decades has constantly shown the psychological benefits to children in maintaining the links with both parents, regardless of the fact that the adult relationship has broken down. However, where parents are abusive, dysfunctional or unwilling to maintain contact, the research shows that the consequences - [The Right to Self-Determination and International Law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-right-to-self-determination-and-international-law/) - The concept of self-determination is virtually as old as the concept of statehood itself. Since its inception self-determination has undergone dramatic alterations inmany aspects, from a concept initially conservatively applied to issues such as decolonisation, to a justification for the break-up of multi-ethnic states. The concept may now extend towards indicating a right of self-determination - [The Right to Self-Determination in International Law — A MATTER OF FORM RATHER THAN CONTENT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-right-to-self-determination-in-international-law-a-matter-of-form-rather-than-content/) - Philip Alston is the Chairman of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Director of the Centre for International and Public Law, Australian National University. He was addressing a seminar on the Right to Self-Determination organised by the Human Rights Council of Australia, in Canberra, on 1 September 1992. 3 pages. - [Seat of Government renamed Australian Capital Territory in 1938.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/seat-of-government-renamed-australian-capital-territory-in-1938/) - In 1909 the Seat of Government was named "The Territory". [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEAT-OF-GOVT-1904.pdf" title="SEAT OF GOVT 1904"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEAT-OF-GOVT-1908.pdf" title="SEAT OF GOVT 1908"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEAT-OF-GOVT-ACT-1909-1.pdf" title="SEAT OF GOVT ACT 1909"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEAT-OF-GOVT-1922.pdf" title="SEAT OF GOVT 1922"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEAT-OF-GOVT-1929.pdf" title="SEAT OF GOVT 1929"] It was not until 1938 "The Territory" was named "Australian Capital - [The AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY ~ Freedom of Information Ordinance, No. 46 of 1989](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-capital-territory-freedom-of-information-ordinance-no-46-of-1989/) - This Australian Capital Territory Ordinance was the pre-runner to the Freedom of Information Act of the Commonwealth and each of the States, this was a blue print of the Acts enacted in 1982 and beyond. This not only applied to the people of the Territory but also extended the people of the Australian community as - [The Politics of Inclusion: The Right of Self-Determination, Statutory Bills of Rights and Indigenous Peoples](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-politics-of-inclusion-the-right-of-self-determination-statutory-bills-of-rights-and-indigenous-peoples/) - Two relatively recent and overlapping developments potentially offer a new direction for the Indigenous self-determination project, which has been marginalised by Australian governments in recent years: first, the trend towards the domestic protection of international human rights through statutory bills of rights in Australian jurisdictions; and second, the burgeoning recognition of the right of self-determination - [REVIEW OF THE JUDICIARY ACT 1903](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/review-of-the-judiciary-act-1903/) - In January 2000 the Attorney-General of Australia, the Hon Daryl Williams AM QC MP, asked the Commission to review the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) and related legislation. The terms of reference required the Commission to inquire into and report on whether the provisions governing the exercise of the judicial power of the Commonwealth in civil - [WARRANTS AND PATENTS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/warrants-and-patents/) - By Warrant under The Queen’s Sign Manual these are submitted to the Queen by a Secretary of State (usually the Home Secretary). These Warrants are prepared by the Crown Office on receipt of instructions from the originating 1)epartment known as a “giving effects letter”. .\lIer Ihe Queen has signed the Warrant. the submitting Minister signs - [DECLARATION ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/declaration-on-the-establishment-of-a-new-international-economic-order/) - The pre-runner to the Lima Agreement and Agenda 21, this is the UN blueprint for a new economic order based on the redistribution of wealth from the developed countries of the world into the waiting hands of the undeveloped nations of the world. 3 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/NEW-INTERNATIONAL-ORDER.pdf" title="NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER"] - [PROTECTION OF HUMAN GENETIC INFORMATION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/protection-of-human-genetic-information/) - The Protection of Human Genetic Information in Australia (ALRC 96, 2003) represents the culmination of a major, two-year inquiry by the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) and the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). The Report, which contains 144 recommendations for reform, is the product of an - [BALLENTINE’S LAW DICTIONARY ~ JAMES A. BALLENTINE THIRD EDITION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ballentines-law-dictionary-james-a-ballentine-third-edition/) - Of the law dictionaries in current use, some are combinations of the dictionary and of the encyclopedia. That is, they contain much historical and explanatory matter which is outside of the proper sphere of a dictionary and at the same time they are too brief in respect to their historical and explanatory data to - [Inquiry into Electronic Voting.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/inquiry-into-electronic-voting/) - Electronic voting has been trialled or implemented in six of Australia’s nine electoral jurisdictions, with each jurisdiction adopting different practices and systems. However, as noted by Taylor in his review of Australia’s electronic voting systems, electronic voting “has mostly been used for those with [disabilities and a restricted franchise], and has not until recently been - [Does an Instrument exist giving license to create the Queen & Crown of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3765-2/) - If an enumerated power fails to exists within the Commonwealth Constitution to create a pretend adopted title of Queen in conflict with the entrenched requirement found within the covering clauses, how can a valid claim to this fact be without merit unless it is to decieve an unsuspecting public based on a general acceptance beyond - [Supreme Court ORDINANCE ~ Western Australia 1861.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/supreme-court-ordinance-western-australia-1861/) - Is the Supreme Court sitting in the prescribed jurisdiction the Parliament of Western Australia has provided? SUPREME COURT ACT 1935 - SECT 16 16 . General jurisdiction (1) Subject as otherwise provided in this Act, and to any other enactment in force in this State, - [State Laws and Records Recognition Act 1901.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/state-laws-and-records-recognition-act-1901/) - "Courts within the Commonwealth" includes the High Court and all Federal Courts and Courts exercising federal jurisdiction, the Inter-State Commission when sitting as a Court for the hearing or determination of any matter, and all Courts of the several States and parts of the Commonwealth. All Courts within the Commonwealth shall take judicial notice of - [Can the Commonwealth fund a Third Tier of Government known as Local Government?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-the-commonwealth-fund-a-third-tier-of-government-known-as-local-government/) - Is there a power to fund local governments that fail to be recognised under the Constitution? Is it not our Right for Government to be open and transparent of the mechanisms used to do that which appears to be beyond the power of the Parliament? We present this and encourage any correction to establish the - [Royal Titles Act 1953](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-titles-act-1953/) - Royal Titles Act 1953 1953 CHAPTER 9 1 and 2 Eliz 2 An Act to provide for an alteration of the Royal Style and Titles. [26th March 1953] Whereas it is expedient that the style and titles at present appertaining to the Crown should be altered so as to reflect more clearly the existing - [Retrospective Legislation and the Rule of Law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/retrospective-legislation-and-the-rule-of-law/) - Is it possible to break a law that has not yet been made? In Australia the answer is yes. Both State and Federal Parliaments have the power to create retrospective legislation: laws that are madeex post facto– after the fact – so that they apply to events in the past. This power sits uneasily - [BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL No 7070 Volume 313: Page 1448, 7 December 1996.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/british-medical-journal-no-7070-volume-313-page-1448-7-december-1996/) - The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, overreaching, or other ulterior form of constraint - [Resolution of disputes with financial service providers within the justice system](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/resolution-of-disputes-with-financial-service-providers-within-the-justice-system/) - “The code does not require credit providers to make inquiries beyond those ordinarily made by prudent lenders. Nor is it intended to place obstacles in the way of those lenders. It is intended to deal with credit providers who lend without making proper inquiries into the debtor’s ability to pay”. “For consumers, its essential features - [Have You Taken your Oath of Allegiance to the Correct Monarch ~ Your Honour~???](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/oaths-act-1900-nsw/) - Oaths are integral to the effective administration of justice in New South Wales. Any improper or dishonest conduct relating to oaths is therefore treated very seriously by the criminal justice system. The Oaths Act 1900 (NSW) prescribes a range of criminal offences for improperly making and administering oaths, affirmations, declarations and affidavits. Those - [INTRODUCTION TO STATUTORY INTERPRETATION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/introduction-to-statutory-interpretation/) - Legislation is the predominant source of law applied by judges in the common law world today. This is because, even though the doctrine of precedent allows for the development of law by judges through cases, most areas of law are now set down in statutes, and cases primarily concerning their interpretation. Accordingly, advanced skills in - [Forced COVID vaccinations violate UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/forced-covid-vaccinations-violate-unesco-declaration-on-bioethics-and-human-rights/) - In contrast to the current push in countries across the globe to make a coronavirus vaccine mandatory, the 2005 UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights declares that “medical intervention” requires the “free and informed consent of the person concerned.” The UNESCO declaration states in Article 6, “Any preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic medical intervention is - [Chetcuti v Commonwealth of Australia [2020] HCA 42 (26 November 2020)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/chetcuti-v-commonwealth-of-australia-2020-hca-42-26-november-2020/) - HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA NETTLE J FREDERICK CHETCUTI PLAINTIFF AND COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA DEFENDANT Chetcuti v Commonwealth of Australia [2020] HCA 42 Date of Hearing: 13 November 2020 Date of Judgment: 26 November 2020 M56/2020 ORDER There be judgment for the defendant. The plaintiff's claim made by writ of summons - [Political Constitutionalism and the Human Rights Act](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/political-constitutionalism-and-the-human-rights-act/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Political_constitutionalism_and_the_Huma.pdf"] - [Public Officials are Public Trustees ~ Chief Justice Robert French AC](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-officials-are-public-trustees-chief-justice-robert-french-ac/) - Public Officers Chief Justice Robert French AC 22 June 2011, Canberra. The holder of public office in a representative democracy is expected to behave, in his or her official capacity, according to standards which overlap and have different sources. The fields of inquiry about such standards are ethics and the law. 18 pages. [pdf-embedder - [SHANNON -v- PERMANENT CUSTODIANS LIMITED [2020] WASCA 198](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/shannon-v-permanent-custodians-limited-2020-wasca-198/) - Appeal - Loan agreement and mortgage - Whether the loan agreement and mortgage were unjust under s 76 of the National Credit Code - Securitisation program where third party correspondent assess creditworthiness of borrowers - Third party correspondent fabricated financial details in the loan application - Lender has constructive knowledge of fraud - Lender failed - [STATEMENT OF MINISTERIAL STANDARDS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statement-of-ministerial-standards/) - The Australian people deserve a Government that will act with integrity and in the best interests of the people they serve. Serving the Australian people as Ministers and Assistant Ministers is an honour and comes with expectations to act at all times to the highest possible standards of probity. All Ministers and Assistant Ministers are - [Enforcing UK judgments in Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/enforcing-uk-judgments-in-australia/) - There are two ways successful UK litigants can have their judgments recognised in Australia Enforcing judgments abroad can be a complex and costly exercise. Fortunately, successful UK litigants can generally have their judgments recognised in Australia without having to relitigate their case. Once a UK judgment has been recognised the judgment creditor can avail - [SHIGEO KITANO v COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA 1975 UKPC 9](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/shigeo-kitano-v-commonwealth-of-australia-1975-ukpc-9/) - Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968 was interpreted by the Privy Council in 1975, are the words "limiting" and "limitation" the contention that the word did not extend to authorise complete abolition of the right to seek special leave of appeal from the High Court and that the Act of 1968 did amount to - [An Overview of Enforcing Foreign Judgments in Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-overview-of-enforcing-foreign-judgments-in-australia/) - Foreign judgments may be enforced in Australia under the Foreign Judgments Act 1991 or, if that Act does not apply, pursuant to common law principles. Registration and enforcement pursuant to the Foreign Judgments Act 1991 The Foreign Judgments Act 1991 provides a regime for the registration and enforcement of judgments obtained in a superior court - [Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland providing for the Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/agreement-between-the-government-of-australia-and-the-government-of-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-providing-for-the-reciprocal-recognition-and-enforcement-of-judgments-in-ci/) - Australian Treaty Series 1994 No 27 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE CANBERRA Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland providing for the Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (Canberra, 23 August 1990) Entry into force: - [Final Report on UK Statutes in Force in Western Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/final-report-on-uk-statutes-in-force-in-western-australia/) - THE LAW REFORM COMMISSION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Project No 75 United Kingdom Statutes in Force in Western Australia REPORT OCTOBER 1994 The Law Reform Commission of Western Australia was established by the Law Reform Commission Act 1972. Commissioners Chairman Mr P G Creighton BJuris (Hons) LLB (Hons) (WA) BCL (Oxford) Members Dr P - [STATUTORY INTERPRETATION.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statutory-interpretation/) - In his chapter in Historical Foundations of Australian Law, Mr J.S. Emmett similarly observes that: “There was no notion in the 13th century that statutes needed to come from two houses of Parliament. Rather, there was a range of different statutory instruments by which the King might give law, including charters (by which the King - [CBER Plans for Monitoring COVID-19 Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cber-plans-for-monitoring-covid-19-vaccine-safety-and-effectiveness/) - Can one be compelled to take a vaccine with the following list of adverse event outcomes provided by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration to the detriment of the safety of every man, woman and child? Page 16 FDA Safety Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccines : DRAFT Working list of - [Internal Review Guidelines July 2020](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/internal-review-guidelines-july-2020/) - Applied for an Internal Review? Have the guidelines been met so as to be in harmony with your fundamental Rights to go to your brother to work the matter out? A great mis-justice is being cast upon the unsuspecting drivers of Victoria. Always be sure to confirm the reviewer has standing so as to review - [Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/treaty-between-australia-and-the-independent-state-of-papua-new-guinea-concerning-sovereignty-and-maritime-boundaries-in-the-area-between-the-two-countries-including-the-area-known-as-torres-strait/) - Australian Treaty Series 1985 No 4 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CANBERRA Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters (Sydney, 18 December 1978) Entry into force: - [Swearing in the New King](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/swearing-in-the-new-king/) - This study focuses on the three statutory oaths which the new sovereign must swear at accession and coronation. Because these oaths are enshrined in statute, it would require amending legislation to revise and update them. We explain the history and background of each of the oaths, before discussing how they might be revised, if there - [The Law Reports (Appeal Cases) [1969] 1 AC 645](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-law-reports-appeal-cases-1969-1-ac-645/) - Whether or not there was a general principle depending upon necessity or upon an implied mandate from the lawful Sovereign, which recognised the need to preserve law and order within territory controlled by a usurper, no such principle could override the legal right of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to make such laws as - [NO JUDICIAL OFFICIAL IS IMMUNE IF THEY BREAK THEIR {OATH OF OFFICE} UNDER TITLE 18 U.S.C 2381,CANNON # 7](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/no-judicial-official-is-immune-if-they-break-their-oath-of-office-under-title-18-u-s-c-2381cannon-7/) - " the relevant cases that the factors determining whether an act by a judge is a "judicial" one relate to the nature of the act it self, i.e, whether it is a function normally performed by a judge, and the expectations of the parties,i.e, whether they dealt with the judge in his judicial capacity."435 U.S - [No Time like the Present to Protect our Human Rights](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/no-time-like-the-present-to-protect-our-human-rights/) - "At a time of global power shifts, increasingly fragmented and insular national politics, and events characterised as ‘profound’ blows to fundamental freedoms being played out across the globe, the Law Council believes it is time to consider a renewed commitment to the fundamental, universal norms of human rights – born out of the horrors of - [Mobil Oil Australia Pty Ltd v Victoria [2002] HCA 27](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mobil-oil-australia-pty-ltd-v-victoria-2002-hca-27/) - The focus of attention in the argument of Mobil is not the defendant, but the group members. That inverts the usual principle as to the jurisdiction of a court, which is the capacity to exercise power over a defendant. In Laurie v Carroll9, Dixon CJ, Williams and Webb JJ quoted the statement of Viscount Haldane10 - [PEACE ORDER AND GOOD GOVERNMENT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/peace-order-and-good-government/) - The House of Lords in the Sussex Peerage Case12 in which Tindal LCJ said: The only rule for the construction of Acts of Parliament is, that they should be construed according to the intent of the Parliament which passed the Act. If the words of the Statute are in themselves precise and unambiguous, then no more can be necessary - [A Summary of section 51(xxiiiA) of the Constitution and related case law surrounding the subject matter of "Forced Vaccinations"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/3955-2/) - A Summary of section 51(xxiiiA) of the Constitution and related case law surrounding the subject matter of "Forced Vaccinations", Constitution Watch would like to thank Carl Agar for his contribution to the Site. The powers of the Commonwealth with respect to legislating on medical issues is one of the items in section 51 - [Tasmania v Commonwealth [1904] HCA 11; (1904) 1 CLR 329 (8 June 1904)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tasmania-v-commonwealth-1904-hca-11-1904-1-clr-329-8-june-1904/) - An informative source on the High Court of Australia's view of the construction of Acts, the Constitution, and how they are to be construed and interpreted. HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA State of Tasmania Plaintiff; and Commonwealth of Australia and State of Victoria Defendants. H C of A 8 June 1904 - [Aggrieved uplift to the Supreme Court of W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/section-36-uplift-to-the-supreme-court-of-western-australia/) - There exists a mechanism to uplift a matter to the Supreme Court of Western Australia from the Magistrates court to an aggrieved litigant. MAGISTRATES COURT ACT 2004 - SECT 36 36 . Supreme Court’s powers to control Court (1) If a person is - [The Constitutional Position of the Courts of W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-constitutional-position-of-the-courts-of-western-australia/) - This paper has attempted to address the role of the courts as the third branch of government within the constitutional framework of the State. That analysis has demonstrated that the Commonwealth Constitution is by far the most significant instrument bearing upon the role and powers 47 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/The-Constitutional-Position-of-the-Courts-of-Western-Australia-Martin-CJ-Oct-2012.pdf" title="The Constitutional Position of the - [TORRES STRAIT LETTERS PATENT 1878 ~ (Queensland Coast Islands Act 1879)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/torres-strait-letters-patent-1879/) - This legislation arose from requests for the lease of islands off the Queensland coast. Before this Act, Queensland had control of all islands within three miles of the coast and New South Wales controlled those beyond this limit. Queensland established a northern government centre at Somerset on Cape York during 1864 (relocated to Thursday Island - [Australian Covid-19-Vaccination Policy](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-covid-19-vaccination-policy/) - While the Australian Government strongly supports immunisation and will run a strong campaign to encourage vaccination, it is not mandatory and individuals may choose not to vaccinate. There may however, be circumstances where the Australian Government and other governments may introduce border entry or re-entry requirements that are conditional on proof of vaccination. - [Legal Profession Conduct Rules W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/legal-profession-conduct-rules-w-a/) - Part 2 — Fundamental duties of practitioners Paramount duty to court and administration of justice A practitioner’s duty to the court and the administration of justice is paramount and prevails to the extent of inconsistency with any other duty, including but not limited to a duty owed to a client of the practitioner. - [Are the actions of the Victorian Legal Profession exempt from Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006~???](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-the-actions-of-the-victorian-legal-profession-exempt-from-human-rights-and-responsibilities-act-2006/) - Is this evidence of an unaccountable legal system facilitated by corrupt government? LEGAL PROFESSION UNIFORM LAW APPLICATION ACT 2014 - SECT 6 Override of Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (1) The Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 has no application to— (a) Schedule - [~ HANSARD ~ The Legal Profession Uniform Law Application Bill 2013](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/hansard-legal-profession-uniform-law-application-bill-2013/) - Mr CRISP (Mildura) — The Legal Profession Uniform Law Application Bill 2013 is an important bill for The Nationals as it seeks to address some cross-border anomalies for representation in border areas. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Assembly_Daily_Extract_Tuesday_4_February_2014_from_Book_1-1.pdf" title="Assembly_Daily_Extract_Tuesday_4_February_2014_from_Book_1"] Statement of compatibility For Hon. E. J. O’DONOHUE (Minister for Liquor and Gaming Regulation), Hon. G. K. Rich-Phillips tabled - [County Court (Jurisdiction) Act 1968](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/county-court-jurisdiction-act-1968/) - Page 324, Section 36A (2) Subject to sub-section (I) and unless otherwise expressly provided the County Court shall have jurisdiction and powers with respect to indictable offences and the trial thereof as fully and amply to all intents and purposes as the Supreme Court of Victoria in like matters and the general principles of practice and - [County Court Act 1958](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/county-court-act-1958/) - 42. In all the actions or matters referred to in the last preceding section, the judges shall, in addition to the powers and authorities now possessed by them or conferred upon them by this Act, have all the powers and authorities for the purposes of this Act of the judges of the Supreme Court, and - [Has the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia sworn the correct Oath?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-the-governor-general-of-the-commonwealth-of-australia-sworn-the-correct-oath/) - Is the Governor Generals Oath to the Monarch consistent with the requirements of the Letter Patent commanding the oath of allegiance to be that of the Schedule within an Act to constitute the Commonwealth of Australia? 4 pages, see section V. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/C2019Q00001XN01.pdf"] COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION ACT - SCHEDULE OATH I, A.B. - [Understanding discretion in modern Policing](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/understanding-discretion-in-modern-policing/) - As in other organisations, officers in a police service, from the Commissioner to the officer on patrol, are all called upon to exercise discretion. The focus in this article, however, is exclusively on the generally “lower level” exercise of discretion with respect to law enforcement (investigation, search, arrest, prosecution, etc) and public order policing, in - [Improving police practices and procedures](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/improving-police-practices-and-procedures/) - Recommendation 14–1 Commonwealth, state and territory governments should review police procedures and practices so that the law is enforced fairly, equally and without discrimination with respect to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. 14.19 Throughout this Inquiry, a number of stakeholders informed the ALRC that police practices and policies contribute to the over-incarceration of Aboriginal - [Cooper v Commissioner of Income Tax (Qld) [1907] HCA 27; (1907) 4 CLR 1304 (28 June 1907)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cooper-v-commissioner-of-income-tax-qld-1907-hca-27-1907-4-clr-1304-28-june-1907/) - BARTON J. The legislation of a body created by and acting under a written charter or constitution is valid only so far as it conforms to the authority conferred by that instrument of government. Therefore attempted legislation, merely at variance with the charter or constitution, cannot be held an effective law on the ground that the authority conferred by that instrument includes a power to alter or to repeal any part of it, if the - [Checklist for Infringements.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/checklist-for-infringements/) - Constitution Watch would like to thank Maddocks lawyers for the extensive checklist stating the requirement of what construes a valid infringement notice in the State of Victoria. These points are found in the relevant regulations. Quite often agencies hope you are unaware of these requirements for the infringement to be a valid infringement, it is - [Magistrates Court Forms ~ Western Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magistrates-court-forms-western-australia/) - Form 1 - Request to inspect or obtain copy of court record (PDF) Listen Form 1 - Request to inspect or obtain copy of court record (Word) Listen Form 1A - Application for Leave to Lodge a Document (PDF) Listen Form 1A - Application for Leave to Lodge a Document (Word) Listen Form - [Being forced to Download the COVIDSafe App?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/being-forced-to-download-the-covidsafe-app/) - Being forced by an employer, restaurant, medical facility or even friend to download the Covid Safe App? Australian Privacy Laws protect you from such harassment and interference with your privacy. To impose such obligations on anyone within Australia brings a 5 year jail term or 300 penalty unit punishment to the offended. PRIVACY - [Genocide Convention Act 1949](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/genocide-convention-act-1949/) - The U.N. itself has established the Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect and asserts that the obligation to prevent and punish genocide “have been considered as norms of international customary law and therefore, binding on all States, whether or not they have ratified the Genocide Convention.” [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/GENOCIDE-CONVENTION-1949.pdf" title="GENOCIDE CONVENTION 1949"] - [HIGH COURT ~ "Parliament could not pass a law requiring citizens to submit to Vaccination"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/4119-2/) - Attorney-General (Vic); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth ("Pharmaceutical Benefits case") [1945] HCA 30; (1945) 71 CLR 237 (19 November 1945) HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA I illustrate the position as I understand it by taking public health legislation as an example. Under s. 51 (ix.) the Commonwealth Parliament has power to make laws with respect - [The Australian Immunisation Handbook 9th edition (1.3.3)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-australian-immunisation-handbook-9th-edition-1-3-3/) - The Australian Immunisation Handbook 9th edition (1.3.3) provides valid consent must be given prior to a vaccine procedure and can only be given after the relevant potential risks and benefits have been fully disclosed. For consent to be legally valid, the following elements must be present: It must be given by a person with legal - [Mercury Fact Sheets.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mercury-fact-sheets/) - Inorganic Mercury: When eaten in large amounts, some inorganic mercury compounds can be very irritating and corrosive to the digestive system. If repeatedly eaten or applied to the skin over long period of time, some inorganic mercury compounds can cause effects similar to what is seen with long term mercury vapor exposure, including neurological disturbances, - [CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS (I) & (II): DOCTRINES OF EQUALITY AND DEMOCRACY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-implications-ii-doctrines-of-equality-and-democracy/) - Much of Australian constitutional law involves the consideration of implications said to be found within the Australian Constitution. The development of the notion of ‘implied rights’ has brought the topic to prominence, but implications are of great significance in all areas of interpretation. This article, the first of a pair, examines how and when constitutional - [What’s the Difference Between Assignment and Novation?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/whats-the-difference-between-assignment-and-novation/) - Assignment and novation are not the same. Assignment and novation can be used to effect changes in your business and are used to achieve different things. Assignments Under an assignment, you keep performing your obligations under the contract but give some rights to a third party. For example, an assignment could be relevant if you - [COVID-19 Hotel Quarantine Inquiry Final Report and Recommendations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-hotel-quarantine-inquiry-final-report-and-recommendations/) - Private security guards should not have been engaged in the circumstances Security guards were not the appropriate cohort to provide security services in the Hotel Quarantine Program without close monitoring and extensive and continued training by those with the requisite expertise. That level of monitoring and training did not occur. Consideration was not given to - [Can police enter and leave your property as they please?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-police-enter-and-leave-your-property-as-they-please/) - Imagine being woken up in the middle of the night by two people yelling at each other from inside your property. A NSW woman awoke at 2am to find her son and a stranger yelling in her garage. Her son told the man to leave, and when Mrs Ibbett arrived in the garage, she did - [Does Australia have true Separation of Powers?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-australia-have-true-separation-of-powers/) - If the executive and legislative functions are concentrated on a single body, the citizens would be in fear of tyrannical rule by the government through arbitrary misuse of powers. Without the doctrine of separation of powers, the country’s liberty shall be at stake as there will be risks of it being ruled in a bureaucratic - [Acts Enumeration and Revision Act 1958](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/acts-enumeration-and-revision-act-1958/) - An Act to enumerate the Consolidating Acts of the Legislature of Victoria passed in the year One thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight and to state the Effect of and Rules of Construction applicable to such Acts and to provide that certain Enactments of the Legislature of New South Wales and of the Legislature of Victoria - [Sedition.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sedition-2/) - In the Halsbury's Law of England Sedition has been defined as follows, "Sedition is a misdemeanour at common law consisting of acts done, words spoken and published, or writings capable of being a libel published, in each case with an intention i) to bring into hatred or to excite disaffection against , the queen or - [Are Vaccines "Unavoidable unsafe products?"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-vaccines-unavoidable-unsafe-products/) - The U.S. Congress and Courts agree vaccines MUST be used for the safety of the population but have legislated and ruled vaccines as unavoidable unsafe products causing damage, injury and death. We compel you to invest the time to read the below Certiorari lodged into the United States Supreme Court of Appeal. It reveals the - [British Subject Status?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/british-subject-status/) - This document released by the United Kingdom government assets publishing service sets out the parameters for British Subjects in relation to the Commonwealth of Nations countries, but are you aware a Right still exists within Australia to become a British Subject officially at law? 5 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ukandcolonies.pdf"] - [Could there be Flaws in Coronavirus Pandemic Theory?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/could-there-be-flaws-in-coronavirus-pandemic-theory/) - A candid look at the Corona Virus from independent researcher David Crowe of the Infectious Myth, David presents a study on the facts of viruses of the 21st century and compares them with the SARS epidemics of the past. Independent research is usually the most reliable as the researchers are not dependant on funding to - [Can You Really Catch the Flu from Someone?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-you-really-catch-the-flu-from-someone/) - After the “Spanish Flu” epidemic of 1918, which had nothing to do with Spanish people—nor was an influenza virus ever proved to have been responsible—an experiment was done with 62 healthy Navy volunteers in a Boston harbour prison on Gallops Island. The goal was to try to understand flu “transmission” better, but the researchers were - [Vaccine Injury Table.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccine-injury-table/) - The following is a table of vaccines, the injuries, disabilities, illnesses, conditions, and deaths resulting from the administration of such vaccines, and the time period in which the first symptom or manifestation of onset or of the significant aggravation of such injuries, disabilities, illnesses, conditions, and deaths is to occur after vaccine administration for purposes - [Does Australian Law Enforcement have Human Rights Obligations?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-australian-law-enforcement-have-human-rights-obligations/) - As an integral part of the United Nations do Australian Law Enforcement agencies have an obligation under the UN Manual on Human Rights Training for the Police? This manual provides law enforcement with the tools to incorporate principals of the Charter in their daily tasks and duties. To date Australia has a poor human rights - [Agreement between the Government of Australia and the United Nations relating to a Seminar on the Role of the Police in the Protection of Human Rights](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/agreement-between-the-government-of-australia-and-the-united-nations-relating-to-a-seminar-on-the-role-of-the-police-in-the-protection-of-human-rights/) - Australian Treaty Series 1963 No 32 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE CANBERRA Agreement between the Government of Australia and the United Nations relating to a Seminar on the Role of the Police in the Protection of Human Rights (Canberra, 13 May 1963) Entry into force: 13 May 1963 AUSTRALIAN TREATY SERIES 1963 No. - [AMA Adopts WMA Declaration of Geneva 2,500-year-old Hippocratic Oath.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ama-adopts-wma-declaration-of-geneva/) - The AMA has adopted the World Medical Association's (WMA) Declaration of Geneva as a contemporary companion to the 2,500-year-old Hippocratic Oath for doctors to declare their commitment to their profession, their patients, and humanity. The AMA Executive Council has formally embraced the Declaration as AMA policy, with the new voluntary vow setting 'guiding principles around - [Is the Victorian Travel Permit System in harmony with the Parliaments Human Rights Obligations?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorian-travel-permit-system/) - Can a direction (Which is not a statutory provision) from a medical officer limit your freedom of movement? The ex-attorney general for Victoria clearly stated that the Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 was in full force during the pandemic, section 12 provides the following: CHARTER OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ACT 2006 - - [Human Vaccine Inserts](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/human-vaccine-inserts/) - Below are the list of vaccines manufactured in the United States. Every effort has been made to maintain the accuracy of this list. You will notice some vaccines listed more than once. For example, if you look for the MMR vaccine you will see it listed three separate times below. This is because one injection - [MMR Vaccine package Insert.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mmr-vaccine-package-insert/) - ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions include those identified during clinical trials or reported during post- approval use of M-M-R II vaccine or its individual components. Body as a Whole Panniculitis; atypical measles; fever; syncope; headache; dizziness; malaise; irritability. Cardiovascular System Vasculitis. Digestive System Pancreatitis; diarrhea; vomiting; parotitis; nausea. Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems Thrombocytopenia; purpura; - [A critical analysis of the Australian government’s rationale for its vaccination policy](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-critical-analysis-of-the-australian-governments-rationale-for-its-vaccination-policy/) - Vaccination policies in Australia need to be scrutinised because the use of a medical intervention in the prevention of infectious disease has serious health and social implications. Deaths and illnesses to infectious diseases were significantly reduced due to environmental and lifestyle reforms prior to the widespread use of most vaccines in the mid-20th century. Mass - [ALUMINIUM HEALTH RISKS ASSESSMENT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/aluminium-health-risks-assessment/) - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Identity, Physical and Chemical Properties, Analytical Methods A compendium is provided of aluminium compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. Most aluminium compounds are solids exhibiting high melting points. The solubility of aluminium salts is governed by pH, because the aluminium(III)-cation (Al3+) has a - [The Dangers of Aluminum Foil](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-dangers-of-aluminum-foil/) - "Aluminium Foil" Is it safe? Yes. When using it cold. When tested cold, as in wrapping a sandwich in the fridge, there was no evidence of aluminum leaching into the food. Using it hot, or even warm, was a different situation. In every situation tested, heated aluminum foil degraded and leached into the food that was - [THE FIGHT TO SAVE OUR CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-fight-to-save-our-civil-and-religious-freedom/) - Inalienable rights recognise that rights are given by God to all men equally. They are absolute, not awarded by human power, not transferable to another power, and incapable of repudiation. No government can give or withdraw them, they merely recognise them and protect them. Natural rights are close in concept to human rights and inalienable - [HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA and the Freedom of Information Act.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/high-court-of-australia-and-the-freedom-of-information-act/) - The High Court of Australia is a prescribed authority and agency under the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (Cth) (‘the Act’). One of the requirements imposed by the section 8 of the Act is that the Court develop and publish an Information Publication Scheme Plan which details what information the Court proposes to publish and - [Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-association-and-protection-of-the-right-to-organise/) - Australian Treaty Series 1974 No 3 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS CANBERRA ILO Convention (No. 87) concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise (San Francisco, 9 July 1948) Entry into force generally: 4 July 1950Entry into force for Australia: 28 February 1974 AUSTRALIAN TREATY SERIES1974 No. 3 - [INFANRIX HEXA Consumer Medicine Information](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/infanrix-hexa-consumer-medicine-information/) - When INFANRIX hexa must not be given INFANRIX hexa should not be given if your child has had an allergic reaction to: • INFANRIX hexa or any of the active ingredients in the vaccine • any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet. • any other diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, inactivated polio - [ProQuad Vaccine Insert](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/proquad-vaccine-insert/) - 6 ADVERSE REACTIONS 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a vaccine cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another vaccine and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Vaccine-related adverse reactions reported during clinical - [DECLARED TESTING FACILITIES.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/declared-testing-facilities/) - If police have not tested a drug in a declared testing facility can the evidence of their determination outside of the declared testing facility be relied upon? In accordance with Section 97(1) Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981, the Chief Commissioner of Police has declared the following as declared testing facilities: - [Local Government in Australia 1919](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/local-government-in-australia-1919/) - A rare history of Local Government in Australia and the fundamental foundation for its existence... From early history within every State in Australia, Conspectus Acts relating to Local Government to a chronological table of principal Acts relating to Local Government. 334 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/local-government-i00austrich.pdf" title="local government i00austrich"] - [Governor (including Lieutenant Governor 1851-1855 and Governor's Office)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/governor-including-lieutenant-governor-1851-1855-and-governors-office/) - Scope of Agency This agency includes the Lieutenant-Governor (1851 to 1855) and the Governor (from 1855), as well as the Governor's Office. Formal Structure of Government in Victoria and Role of Governor from 1855 The formal structure of Government and the role of the Governor are set down in the Victorian Constitution Act 1975 (No.8750), - [Corona Ordinance Unconstitutional : a landmark judgement in Weimar District Court ~ UPDATED.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/corona-ordinance-unconstitutional-a-landmark-judgement-in-weimar-district-court/) - Working English translation by Howard Steen (using DeepL) of item reported on German Corona Committee news pages: Amtsrichter in Weimar: Corona-VO verfassungswidrig - 2020 NEWS posted Jan 21st, 2021 A district judge in Weimar has acquitted a man who was to be fined for violating the Corona contact ban by celebrating his birthday with at - [Are Pfizer conducting unauthorised human experiments?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-pfizer-conducting-unauthorised-human-experiments/) - Health Ministry: 'It's not an experiment' 'It's an aggregate information-sharing agreement with Pfizer,' Health Ministry responds to Helsinki Committee report. The Health Ministry tonight responded to reports that the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights is expected to announce that Pfizer is conducting unauthorized human experimentsin Israel. In a statement, the Ministry said "in an - [Enhanced school-based surveillance of acute adverse events following immunisation with human papillomavirus vaccine in males and females, 2013](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/enhanced-school-based-surveillance-of-acute-adverse-events-following-immunisation-with-human-papillomavirus-vaccine-in-males-and-females-2013/) - Australia was the first country to introduce a government-funded National Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program for females. From 2007 to 2012, the TGA captured national adverse event reports via routine passive surveillance. In 2013, the National Immunisation Program (NIP) schedule was extended to include males (12 to 13 years as standard and a two year - [Gardasil Vaccine ~ Australian Public Assessment Report for: Quadrivalent human papilloma virus.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/quadrivalent-human-papilloma-virus/) - Carcinogenicity GARDASIL has not been evaluated for carcinogenic potential. Genotoxicity GARDASIL has not been evaluated for genotoxic potential. Paediatric Use The safety and efficacy of GARDASIL have not been evaluated in children younger than 9 years. Use with Other Vaccines Results from clinical studies indicate that GARDASIL may be administered concomitantly (at a separate - [The Fauci/COVID-19 Dossier ~ by Dr. David E. Martin.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-fauci-covid-19-dossier-by-dr-david-e-martin/) - The Moderna and Pfizer “alleged vaccine” trials have explicitly acknowledged that their gene therapy technology has no impact on viral infection or transmission whatsoever and merely conveys to the recipient the capacity to produce an S1 spike protein endogenously by the introduction of a synthetic mRNA sequence. 205 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/The-FauciCOVID-19-Dossier.pdf"] - [Basic Concept of Vaccination](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/basic-concept-of-vaccination/) - The word “vaccine” originates from the Latin Variolae vaccinae (cowpox), which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans. Today the term ‘vaccine’ applies to all biological preparations, produced from living organisms, that enhance immunity against disease and either prevent (prophylactic vaccines) or, in some cases, treat disease (therapeutic vaccines). Vaccines are administered - [Victorian Ombudsman ~ Investigation into three councils’ outsourcing of parking fine internal reviews](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorian-ombudsman-investigation-into-three-councils-outsourcing-of-parking-fine-internal-reviews/) - From 2006 to at least 2016, Glen Eira, Port Phillip and Stonnington councils were found to have breached the Infringement Act, which requires councils to handle parking fine reviews internally. The three councils do not believe they broke the law but have agreed to repay the fines out of "goodwill", ombudsman Deborah Glass said. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIvjwfEl1Fo - [COMIRNATY COVID-19 VACCINE Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) summary](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/comirnatytm-covid-19-vaccine-consumer-medicine-information-cmi-summary/) - COMIRNATY is a vaccine given to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in adults and adolescents from 16 years of age and older. COMIRNATY contains the active ingredient BNT162b2 [mRNA]. 4 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/COMIRNATY™-COVID-19-VACCINE.pdf" title="COMIRNATY™ COVID-19 VACCINE"] 15 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/AUSTRALIAN-PRODUCT-INFORMATION-–CV-19-Vaccine-mRNA-info.pdf" title="AUSTRALIAN PRODUCT INFORMATION –CV-19 Vaccine mRNA - [Australian Public Assessment Report for BNT162b2 (mRNA)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-public-assessment-report-for-bnt162b2-mrna/) - The evaluation of the Comirnaty vaccine was significantly expedited without compromising the TGA’s strict standards of safety, quality and efficacy. This was facilitated through rolling data submission, and through collaboration with international regulators. The provisional determination for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2 (mRNA) was granted by TGA on 14 October 2020. Facial paralysis: there were - [Why is the Australian Government hiding the contents of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine from you?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/why-is-the-australian-government-hiding-the-contents-of-the-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-from-you/) - Why are the the Australian Government hiding the the contents and failing to provide correct packaging standards so you can make an informed decision and be able to confirm what you receive is what is in the vial? Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard) (COVID-19 Vaccine—Pfizer) Labelling Exemption 2021 5 Exemption The specified product is exempt from - [16-week grace period for enrolment](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/4446-2/) - Some families experiencing vulnerability and disadvantage may face difficulties accessing immunisation services and documentation. The law recognises that these families need additional time and help. It provides a grace period that allows the child to enrol and attend the service. The 16-week grace period starts on the first day of the child’s attendance at the - [Due Process of Law Act 1354.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/due-process-of-law-act-1354/) - None shall be condemned without due process of law No person of what estate or condition that the person be, shall be put out of land or tenement, nor taken, nor imprisoned, nor disinherited, nor put to death, without being brought in answer by due process of the law. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/DueProcessOfLawAct1354AustralianCapitalTerritory.pdf"] - [Due Process of Law Act 1368.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/due-process-of-law-act-1368/) - None shall be put to answer without due process of law No person be put to answer without presentment before justices, or matter of record, or by due process and writ original, according to the old law of the land: And if any thing from henceforth be done to the contrary, it shall be void - [Criminal and Civil Justice Act 1351](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/criminal-and-civil-justice-act-1351/) - None shall be taken upon suggestion without lawful presentment Whereas it is contained in the Great Charter of the Franchises of England, that none shall be imprisoned nor put out of his freehold, nor of his franchises nor free custom, unless it be by the law of the land; It is accorded, assented, and established, - [Act of Settlement 1700](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/act-of-settlement-1700/) - Whereas in the first year of the reign of your Majesty and of our late most gracious sovereign lady Queen Mary (of blessed memory) an Act of Parliament was made intituled (An Act for declaring the rights and liberties of the subject and for settling the succession of the crown) wherein it was (amongst other - [The legal personality of the Commonwealth of Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-legal-personality-of-the-commonwealth-of-australia/) - The article analyses legal materials concerning the legal personality of the Commonwealth of Australia under domestic law. It argues that the Commonwealth as legal person has an existence, as a unit of the legal system, which is conceptually distinct from the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation, and the Commonwealth as federal government of that - [The City of Greater Geelong 2018-19 Annual Budget and Rating Strategy.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-city-of-greater-geelong-2018-19-annual-budget-and-rating-strategy/) - For 2018-19 financial year, Council declares a waiver of 100% of general rates and municipal charge under Section 171 of the LGA for the class of persons comprised of ratepayers in respect of assessments which are in private ownership within the inappropriate subdivision known as New Corio Estate. This rates assistance waiver recognises the financial - [City of Casey ~ Rates reduction & Hardship](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/city-of-casey-rates-reduction-hardship/) - 1. Purpose In accordance with the Local Government Act 1989, Council levies Rates and Charges on rateable land to provide for services to the community. The City of Casey recognises there are cases for genuine financial hardship requiring respect and compassion in particular circumstances. This policy sets out the processes for the Council to collect - [Do Masks Provide Protection?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/do-masks-provide-protection/) - Can a face mask provide adequate protection against the Covid19 virus? Below is a collection of reports providing all the facts on mask protection so as to make an educated decision on the safety and use of such protection devices. Please click on the provided links to access all the date. 8 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Masks-Final.pdf"] - [THE GENOCIDE CONVENTION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-genocide-convention/) - An Act to approve of Ratification by Australia of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, and for other purposes. 4. Approval is hereby given to the depositing with the Secretary- General of the United Nations of an instrument of ratification of the Genocide Convention by Australia. 5. Approval is - [Causality assessment of an adverse event following immunization (AEFI)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/causality-assessment-of-an-adverse-event-following-immunization-aefi/) - The World Health Organisations 88 page user manual on the subject of Causality assessment of an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CausalityAssessmentAEFI_EN.pdf"] - [Human Rights Treaty ~ Freedom of Information.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/human-rights-treaty-freedom-of-information-response/) - Does anything exist allowing the Australian government, the State Governments, the Crown, local government or any of their agents, delegates or subordinates from strict compliance to the Vienna Treaty or the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in respect of failing to give proper consideration to those treaties? 4 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Treaty-FOI-response.pdf" title="Treaty FOI - [WHO ~Definition of vaccines (2012)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-definition-of-vaccines-2012/) - The word “vaccine” originates from the Latin Variolae vaccinae (cowpox), which Edward Jenner demonstrated in 1798 could prevent smallpox in humans. Today the term ‘vaccine’ applies to all biological preparations, produced from living organisms, that enhance immunity against disease and either prevent (prophylactic vaccines) or, in some cases, treat disease (therapeutic vaccines). Vaccines are administered - [“Vaccine Mandates Violate the Right to Informed Consent”](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccine-mandates-violate-the-right-to-informed-consent/) - The public is repeatedly assured by public health officials and the media that “vaccines are safe and effective”, but in the absence of randomized placebo-controlled trials comparing long-term health outcomes, including mortality, between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, that statement is not justifiable.Vaccines do not undergo such trials before licensing. Nor are whole vaccine schedules studied - [Retired judge Stuart Lindsay at Adelaide Freedom Rally on Sunday 6 December 2020](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/retired-judge-stuart-lindsay-at-adelaide-freedom-rally-on-sunday-6-december-2020/) - When a retired Judge speaks out, one can only see through the deception. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTs9beeXDrE I came here today to speak the truth, to speak the truth publicly. I hope to say important things... I feel and I have felt for some months now that I am being suffocated with lies. It’s even as if - ["MAINS v REDDEN [2011] FamCAFC 184"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mains-redden-2011-famcafc-184/) - The “irreversibility” of a procedure is one characteristic, along with numerous other factors which the Court has weighed in deciding similar cases, which has assumed some significance in the jurisprudence with respect to “special medical procedures”, discussed above. Once a child has been immunised, the process itself is irreversible. It is also likely that the - [Commercial Rental Conduct Under New Code](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/commercial-rental-conduct-under-new-code/) - The National Cabinet, which is made up of the Prime Minister and leaders from the various States and Territories, recently adopted a Code of Conduct for commercial tenants and landlords for the duration of the coronavirus pandemic and beyond. So, what do real estate professionals need to know? The REIQ provides an overview. The purpose of the - [COVID-19 Tenancies Code of Conduct for rental properties.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-tenancies-code-of-conduct-for-rental-properties/) - This Code applies to all tenancies that are suffering financial stress or hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as defined by their eligibility for the Commonwealth Government’s JobKeeper programme, with an annual turnover of up to $50 million. 7 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/national-cabinet-mandatory-code-ofconduct-sme-commercial-leasing-principles.pdf"] - [Family Court merger condemned by former judges and legal experts after legislation passed](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/family-court-merger-condemned-by-former-judges-and-legal-experts-after-legislation-passed/) - Former judges and legal support services have expressed their dismay at the "devastating" passage of legislation that will see the Family Court combined with the Federal Circuit Court, with claims survivors of domestic violence could end up "falling through the cracks". Key points: The Government has passed legislation to merge the Family Court into - [The greatest Nuremberg Trial of all time is on its way](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-greatest-nuremberg-trial-of-all-time-is-on-its-way/) - Right now, a second Nuremberg tribunal that is in preparation, with a class action lawsuit being set up under the aegis of thousands of lawyers worldwide behind the American-German lawyer Reiner Fuellmich, who is prosecuting those responsible for the Covid-19 scandal manipulated by the Davos Forum. In this respect, it is worth recalling that - [TRAFFIC ACT 1949 - 1971](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/traffic-act-1949-1971/) - This Act including every regulation hereunder shall be read and construed so as not to exceed the legislative power of the State to the intent that where any enactment hereof or provision of any regulation hereunder would but for this section have been construed as being in excess of that power it shall nevertheless be - [EVIDENCE ACT 1977 ~ 1979 ~ QLD](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/evidence-act-1977-qld/) - EVIDENCE ACT 1977-1979 [Reprinted as at 31 May 1980] This Act binds the Crown not only in right of the State of Queensland but also, so far as the legislative power of Parliament permits, the Crown in all its other capacities. 63 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/evidence_act_1977_31may80.pdf"] - [THIRD PARTY INTERVENTIONS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/third-party-interventions-in-the-public-interest/) - Perhaps the most remarkable development in my time in the law has been the growth of public law cases. Fifty years ago there were hardly any. The principal diet of the House of Lords consisted of commercial and tax cases. Now the Supreme Court is predominantly a court of public law, often performing the role - [Section 51(xx) CORPORATIONS POWER.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/section-51xx-corporations-power/) - State or Federal? The high court has found that state entities may be corporations and fall under federal legislation The High Court in the recent case of Communications, Electrical, Electronic, Energy, Information, Postal, Plumbing and Allied Services Union of Australia v Queensland Rail has found that QR was a trading corporation for the purposes of section - [The Australian Immunisation Handbook ~ 10th Edition Complete with 2017/18 Update.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-australian-immunisation-handbook-10th-edition/) - The 2015 update of the 10th edition of The Australian Immunisation Handbook contains updates to 24 chapters including changes to clinical recommendations as well as new factual information and clarifications (refer below). The chapters updated as part of the 2015 annual update supersede previous versions of these chapters published in the original 10th edition (in - [Guide to securing personal information](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/guide-to-securing-personal-information/) - This guide is intended for use by entities covered by the Privacy Act, including organisations, agencies, credit reporting bodies (CRBs), credit providers and tax file number recipients.2 However, this guide may also be relevant to organisations not subject to the Privacy Act as a model for better personal information security practice. This guide is not - [Having Trouble Accessing your Health Records?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/having-trouble-accessing-your-health-records/) - It has come to the attention of Constitution Watch some medical practitioners and public hospitals are refusing to supply personal health records. If you are experiencing medical belligerence the Health Records Act provides you a RIGHT of access to the records and a penalty is waiting for those entities that resist your RIGHT of request - [Delegating Legislative Power](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/delegating-legislative-power/) - Laws that have a significant impact on rights and liberties, and laws creating offences with high penalties, should usually be in primary, not delegated, legislation. More generally, wide and vague delegations of legislative power undermine the separation of powers doctrine by allowing those who enforce the law to also make the law. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/delegating_legislative_power.pdf"] - [Letter of Non-Consent to Mandatory or Coerced COVID-19 Vaccines](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letter-of-non-consent-to-mandatory-or-coerced-covid-19-vaccines/) - Given that there is currently no clear evidence nor any expectations that the COVID-19 vaccines will prevent transmission, it really just comes down to personal protection and hence no-one should be coerced or forced to take the vaccine to so called “protect others”. This letter is for all to use. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Letter-Template-Non-Consent-to-Mandatory-or-Coerced-Covid-Vaccine.pdf" title="Letter Template - [Parents make a dash for jab cash](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/parents-make-a-dash-for-jab-cash/) - Can a benefit that was a Right be evoked once repealed? Below are past news stories long forgotten of a benefit that was available to parent who chose not to vaccinate their children close to a decade ago. Can this still be used by parents today, stay tuned while we test it out folks. - [The 'Australian Immunisation Register Ceasing correspondence and release of Information' form.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-immunisation-register-ceasing-correspondence-and-release-of-information-form/) - New laws make vaccination reporting mandatory With the COVID vaccine rollout only weeks away, newly passed legislation means GPs will soon have to report all administered vaccines to the AIR or face a potential fine of more than $6000. From 1 March, all vaccine providers will be required to report influenza vaccinations to - [THE CROWN.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-crown/) - WHAT IS THE CROWN? Though Australia has not yet thrown off the symbolism of the Crown, its presence in areas of our governmental systems is relatively confined. True it is that the Crown and the monarch feature in the Constitution and that this will remain the case for the immediately foreseeable future, but, despite this - [The Use of the Coat of Arms](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-use-of-the-coat-of-arms/) - The 1912 Arms was a symbol of the new nation, incorporating a shield with six parts, each containing the badge of a state. The distinctive composition of Australia's Coat of Arms, shaped by the dominant figures of the indigenous animals, the kangaroo and the emu, underlies the wide appeal of the Arms. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/http___www.aphref.aph_.gov_.au_house_committee_reports_1994_1994_pp460.pdf" - [HONOURS AND ARMS: LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF PRACTICE CONCERNING HERALDRY AND ROYAL HONOURS IN NEW ZEALAND](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/honours-and-arms-legal-and-constitutional-aspects-of-practice-concerning-heraldry-and-royal-honours-in-new-zealand/) - The Imperial Laws Application Act 1988 provides that the enactments and subordinate legislation specified in the schedules to the Act together with the common law of England, insofar as it was already part of the laws of New Zealand, are the only 'Imperial' laws inherited from the United Kingdom which are of effect in New - [Free Access to Courts Act 1400 2 Hen 4 c 1](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/free-access-to-courts-act-1400-2-hen-4-c-1/) - The Imperial Acts Application Act 1986 (the 1986 Act), sch 3, pt 6 set out the text of this Act in an amended form and provided for the amended form to apply as the text of the Act in force in the ACT (see 1986 Act, s 5 (1), (4) and (5)). Sections 1 to - [The Scheme for Compensation for Detriment caused by Defective Administration (Updated)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-scheme-for-compensation-for-detriment-caused-by-defective-administration/) - Have you suffered a damage from the Australian Government? In cases where it has been established that there is no legal liability to pay compensation, the CDDA Scheme provides a mechanism for non-corporate Commonwealth entities (NCEs) to compensate. An updated flip chart with a list of the relevant Commonwealth Entities that the scheme applies - [Her Majesty the Queen in Right of New Zealand ~ Does she exist?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/her-majesty-the-queen-in-right-of-new-zealand/) - From: Anna Fleming [DPMC] Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet March 20, 2017 Dear Andre Thank you for your email of 2 March, seeking clarification following our response to your Official Information Act 1982 request of 2 February 2017. 'The Laws of New Zealand', an encyclopaedic work that provides a statement of the law - [Blackburn v Attorney-General [1971] 2 All ER 1380](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/blackburn-v-attorney-general-1971-2-all-er-1380/) - Blackburn v Attorney-General [1971] 2 All ER 1380 LORD DENNING MR: In this case Mr Blackburn - as he has done before - has shown eternal vigilance in support of the law. This time he is concerned about the application of Her Majesty's government to join the Common Market and to sign the Treaty of - [Does the Australia Act grant Extraterritorial operation beyond Power?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/4964-2/) - Does section 51(xxxviii) provide a source of power to grant the States Extra Territorial Operation? Quick and Garren Annotated Constitution page 650. (xxxviii.) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any powerwhich can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised - [European Plans for ‘Vaccine Passports’ Were in Place 20 Months Prior to the Pandemic. Coincidence?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/european-plans-for-vaccine-passports-were-in-place-20-months-prior-to-the-pandemic-coincidence/) - With the world being told that so-called ‘vaccine passports’ will be required for all international travel in future, and in many countries even to enter shops, restaurants, bars, gyms, hotels, theatres, concerts and sports events, the impression we are being given is that the measure is a direct result of the coronavirus pandemic. In Europe, - [Mental Impairment Defences](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mental-impairment-defences/) - A person is not criminally responsible for an act or omission on account of unsoundness of mind if at the time of doing the act or making the omission he is in such a state of mental impairment as to deprive him of capacity to understand what he is doing, or of capacity to control - [INFORMED CONSENT MATTERS~!!!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/informed-consent-matters/) - IT IS EVERYONE'S RIGHT TO REVIEW THE FIRST-HAND TESTIMONIES OF THE COVID VACCINE ADVERSE REACTIONS WITHOUT CENSORSHIP BY THE NEWS MEDIA (OR SOCIAL MEDIA). WITH ACCESS TO THIS DATA, YOU CAN PERFORM A RISK/BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR YOURSELF. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Frontline-Workers-Testimonies-VAERs-Reports_21MAR2021.pdf" title="Frontline Workers Testimonies & VAERs Reports_21MAR2021"] - [Social Services Legislation Amendment (No Jab, No Pay) Bill 2015 Submission to Senate Inquiry by Nicholas William Farrow](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/social-services-legislation-amendment-no-jab-no-pay-bill-2015-submission-to-senate-inquiry-by-nicholas-william-farrow/) - Was the government of Australia aware about enacting legislation beyond the power of the Parliament to do so? Was section 51(xxiiiA) of the Commonwealth Constitution bought to the attention of the senate? The answer is yes! Below is a submission to the senate informing the senate that actions to enact an Act in the terms - [Freedom of Movement in Victoria.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-movement-in-victoria/) - CHARTER OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ACT 2006 - SECT 12 Freedom of movement Every person lawfully within Victoria has the right to move freely within Victoria and to enter and leave it and has the freedom to choose where to live. Lawfully within Victoria The right in s 12 applies only to people who - [Principles of Communism](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/principles-of-communism/) - Communism is a political ideology born in the 19th century that set as its objective the building of a classless society in which all means of production and all that is produced is owned in common by all members of society. Private property is replaced by public property. Communism is totalitarian by its nature. Its - [Communist Manifesto](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/5135-2/) - The Communist Manifesto summarises Marx and Engels' theories concerning the nature of society and politics, namely that in their own words "[t]he history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles". It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism. In - [The Evolution of the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-evolution-of-the-office-of-governor-general-of-new-zealand/) - This paper is in three sections. The first looks at the evolution of the office of Governor-General. Once the tool of imperial government, the Governor-General became one of theprincipal means though which national independence is symbolised. The process again is one primarily of the political executive, with legal changes having generally followed practical orpolitical changes. The - [Trans-Tasman Agreement.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/trans-tasman-agreement/) - The purpose of the Arrangement is to give effect to a scheme implementing mutual recognition principles between the Parties relating to the sale of Goods and the Registration of Occupations, consistent with the protection of public health and safety and the environment. The objective of the Arrangement is to remove regulatory barriers to the movement of - [$101 million dollar settlement for an infant who suffered a severe reaction to the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine & Links.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/101-million-dollar-settlement-for-an-infant-who-suffered-a-severe-reaction-to-the-measles-mumps-rubella-mmr-vaccine-links/) - ADEM: (July 17th, 2018 – SARASOTA, FL) — Attorneys at Maglio Christopher & Toale, P.A. negotiated a $101 million dollar settlement for an infant who suffered a severe reaction to the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine. O.R.* was a one-year-old healthy baby girl who was already walking and climbing. On February 13, 2013, she received - [Can the Commonwealth legislate mandatory Vaccination?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-the-commonwealth-legislate-mandatory-vaccination/) - The High Court has spoken on the subject of forced/mandatory vaccination. In 1945 the Court provided the following on the subject matter of vaccination & immunisation? The Answer quite clearly from the High Court of Australia is NO. Attorney-General (Vic); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth ("Pharmaceutical Benefits case") (1945) HCA 30; - [Real Estate and Business Agents and Sales Representatives Code of Conduct 2016](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/real-estate-and-business-agents-and-sales-representatives-code-of-conduct-2016/) - 11. Misleading or deceptive conduct When acting for a client an agent or sales representative must not engage in conduct that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive within the meaning of the Australian Consumer Law (WA) Part 2-1. 12. Unconscionable conduct When acting for a client an agent or sales - [Tru-Cam User Manual](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tru-cam-user-manual/) - While some may not like the hi-tech TruCAM II radar gun’s ability to more accurately measure speed, the device could also be considered a friend of the motorcyclist. Features which may appeal are its ability to target tailgaters, aggressive drivers, distracted driving and vehicles obstructing traffic. So why aren’t they used more for these offences, - [THE COMMONWEALTH’S TAXING POWER AND ITS LIMITS — ARE WE THERE YET?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-commonwealths-taxing-power-and-its-limits-are-we-there-yet/) - Commonwealth Legislative power dictates a tax debt owed to the Commissioner of Taxation is said to be a debt owed to the Commonwealth, but one would ask with the vast and far reaching subject matters that taxation powers cover within the scope of section 51 of the Constitution, have that limits of that power been - [Has Privy Council ever been held in Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-privy-council-ever-been-held-in-australia/) - The Queen has visited Australia twelve times during her reign. These visits have taken place between: (i) 3 February 1954 and 1 April 1954 (ii) 18 February 1963 and 27 March 1963 (iii) 30 March 1970 and 3 May 1970 (iv) 17 October 1973 and 22 October 1973 (v) 27 February 1974 and 28 February - [COVID -19 Hotel Quarantine Inquiry Final Report and Recommendations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-hotel-quarantine-inquiry-final-report-and-recommendations-2/) - A $10 million inquiry has found that if a state government is going to operate a hotel quarantine program, they should do it with trained people who know what they are doing. Really? Anybody on the street could have come to the same conclusion. Victorians would be bitterly disappointed to learn that $195 million was spent - [The Silence From BBC And Sky Is Deafening As Gargantuan March For Freedom Rolls Through London](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-silence-from-bbc-and-sky-is-deafening-as-gargantuan-march-for-freedom-rolls-through-london/) - Don't worry, they reported on a pissant anti-Bolsonaro demo in Latin America instead Stay Classy MSM The Daily Expose 17 hours ago 1298 6 On Saturday the 29th May 2021, up to one million people gathered in London to fight for their freedom, your freedom and your children’s freedom. Meanwhile the mainstream media remained silent - [Can a Registrar exercise Federal Jurisdiction?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-a-registrar-exercise-federal-jurisdiction/) - A registrar is not a court officer, he is an officer of the executive government and that being so it is constitutionally IMPOSSIBLE to vest him with any form of judicial power. For a officer of the executive government to exercise federal jurisdiction would be in conflict with the separation of powers doctrine. . . - [Weimar District Court Tests Masks in Schools.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/weimar-district-court-tests-masks-in-schools/) - A ruling from the Weimar District Court on the imposition of face mask wearing in schools in the district provided the following outcome. The compulsion imposed on school children to wear masks and to keep their distance from each other and from third persons harms children physically, psychologically, pedagogically and in their psychosocial development, - [Freedom of Information Bill ~ Explanatory Memorandum.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-information-bill-explanatory-memorandum/) - The Freedom of Information Act Bill Memorandums provide the originating application of the Act for all Australians to access information and documents, the Act has changes greatly over the years and the access powers of the public have become limited over time. Many agencies have become rogue in their dealings and compliance with the Act - [Has your Business been forced to provide QR contact Tracing Services?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-your-business-been-forced-to-provide-qr-contact-tracing-services/) - Can the State Government force you by coercion to provide contact tracing services with the threat of a penalty and closure of your business? . . CRIMINAL CODE ACT 1995 - SCHEDULE Criminal Code Subdivision C--Slavery-like offences 270.4 Definition of servitude (1) For the purposes of this Division, servitude is the condition of a - [What is the source of power found in the Commonwealth Constitution?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/what-is-the-source-of-power-found-in-the-commonwealth-constitution/) - Constitution Watch wish to ask you the reader, where does one look to to understand and define the power and authority of a nation? This very important question was asked of the House of Lords in 2005/6 in the Quark Fishing case (Regina v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Appellant) ex parte - [Implementing a New Infringements Management System](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/implementing-a-new-infringements-management-system/) - Did the Department of Justice and Community Safety (DJCS) roll out its new infringements system in an effective and cost-efficient way? Why this audit is important On 31 December 2017, DJCS introduced a new information technology (IT) system, called the Victorian Infringements Enforcement Warrant (VIEW) system, to manage fines and incorporate new social justice initiatives. - [DPP v KABA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/dpp-v-kaba/) - The DPP v Kaba appeal in the Supreme Court overturns magistrate Duncan Reynolds’ 2013 ruling that police do not have an “unfettered” right to randomly stop and check vehicles. Judge Bell, in the Victorian Supreme Court quashed the decision of Magistrate Reynolds ruling that he committed an error of law when he decided in June last year, - [Does Parliament possess Power to redefine the Jurisdiction of the High Court?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-parliament-possess-power-to-redefine-the-jurisdiction-of-the-high-court/) - We ask our readers what is the official power the High Court of Australia exercises to make its decisions and judgements? One would look to Clause 2 of the Commonwealth Constitution for the answer. So what is jurisdiction? . . . . jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ . . . . noun the official power to make legal - [Parliamentary Sovereignty and the Locus of Constituent Power in the United Kingdom](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/parliamentary-sovereignty-and-the-locus-of-constituent-power-in-the-united-kingdom/) - Part I of this paper analyses the current UK constitutional ‘torpor’, arguing that despite what appear to be a number of substantial constitutional reforms in recent decades, the persistent inviolability of parliamentary sovereignty is inhibiting deeper constitutional restructuring. The result is a constitutional law in ‘crisis’ and potentially at the precipice of a paradigmatic revolution. - [Can Medical Services be Legally Forced upon you?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-medical-services-be-legally-forced-upon-you/) - Under the doctrine of informed consent, a doctor cannot perform a medical operation unless he has the consent of the patient. Otherwise, he can be held liable for battery. This requirement can be waived in cases of emergency under specific circumstances: 1) the patient must be unconscious or unable to make a decision. 2) time - [Does the Commonwealth and Crown have a Claim of Right over the lands of the Sovereign Tribes of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-the-commonwealth-and-crown-have-a-claim-of-right-over-the-lands-of-the-sovereign-tribes-of-australia/) - Oct 28, 2020 Dear FOI Officer, I make this request on behalf of the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation, to which I am authorised to do. Please make the FOI response in the name of the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation. (Please do not provide this email address within the reply). Please find the request below. - [Australia Bill UK.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-bill-uk/) - When writing to the Australian Government one will notice their denial that the Australia Act 1986 had any constitutional change on the Constitution of 1900. Below is the Australia Bill minutes in which the UK Parliament quite notably state in relation to the affect of the Australia Act and its effect. "We wish this new - [Re the Small Claims Act 1974 and Re An Application of Leave To Appeal Janice Mary Ferguson v ACT Electricity and Water [1995] ACTSC 5 (14 February 1995)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/re-the-small-claims-act-1974-and-re-an-application-of-leave-to-appeal-janice-mary-ferguson-v-act-electricity-and-water-1995-actsc-5-14-february-1995/) - SUPREME COURT OF THE ACT IN THE MATTER OF THE SMALL CLAIMS ACT 1974 AND IN THE MATTER OF AN APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL JANICE MARY FERGUSON v ACT ELECTRICITY AND WATER No. SCA49 of 1994 Number of pages - 15 Appeals - Civil And Political Rights - Evidence - Practice And Procedure COURT - [To be a Man](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/to-be-a-man/) - To be a Man Foreword Not so long ago I, like most people in this world, believed that I had a name and that this name was my identity. I believed that money had intrinsic value and I believed that if I had enough of it I could positively affect the world. I believed that - ["Movement Between the States shall be Absolutely Free"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/movement-between-the-states-shall-be-absolutely-free/) - 10 High Court Cases COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION ACT - SECT 92 Trade within the Commonwealth to be free On the imposition of uniform duties of customs, trade, commerce, and intercourse among the States, whether by means of internal carriage or ocean navigation, shall be absolutely free. But notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, - [Palmer v Western Australia 2021 – Another Sham Case!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/palmer-v-western-australia-2021-another-sham-case/) - PJ Dunning QC (Clive Palmer and his companies legal representation), in Palmer v Western Australia led the High Court to believe that he was challenging the validity of the Act "The Emergency Management Act" W.A. 2005 for contravention of section 92 of the Constitution. Section 92 of the constitution like all of our constitutional guarantees - [Magna Carta ~ Lawful Rebellion ~ Fact or Fiction?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magna-carta-lawful-rebellion-fact-or-fiction/) - Constitution Watch is contacted regularly with claims "Article 61" of Magna Carta is a remedy to tyrannical government here in Australia 800+ years after its first version came into existence. The social media claim made by many people states we have the right to lawfully dissent or rebel if they believe they’re being governed unjustly. Other - [Covid 19 ~ Govt makes urgent law change after High Court ruling on legality of vaccine rollout](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-coronavirus-govt-makes-urgent-law-change-after-high-court-ruling-on-legality-of-vaccine-rollout/) - The Health Minister is making an urgent law change after a High Court judgment ruled it was "reasonably arguable" the Government's provisional approval of the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine is "problematic". The case - Nga Kaitiaki Tuku Ihu Medical Action Society Incorporated v The Minister of Health - was in the High Court at Wellington last - [R v Barger [1908] HCA 43](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/r-v-barger-1908-hca-43/) - R v Barger [1908] HCA 43; (1908) 6 CLR 41 (26 June 1908) HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA Isaacs J. And in Morgan's Steamship Co. v. Lousiana[62], Miller J. said:—"It has been repeatedly held that when the question is raised whether the State Statute is a just exercise of State power, or is intended by roundabout means to invade the domain - [Freedom of Movement.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-movement-2/) - MURPHY J. ANALYSIS OF THE COMMAND IN S. 92. 11. Meaning of "Trade and Commerce...Among the States". There has been a tendency to narrow the meaning of the phrase, "trade and commerce" in order to lessen the destructive effects of interpreting s. 92 so that it applies to other than fiscal charges. "...Among the States" has been treated as simply - [Fair Work Commission - Appeal of decisions Jennifer Kimber v Sapphire Coast Community Aged Care Ltd](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fair-work-commission-appeal-of-decisions-jennifer-kimber-v-sapphire-coast-community-aged-care-ltd/) - A Fair Work Commission deputy president has warned against a "medical apartheid" stemming from employers and governments mandating coronavirus vaccines. Aged care receptionist Jennifer Kimber was sacked from a NSW south coast nursing home in July last year after refusing to have a flu jab. The Fair Work Commission refused her permission to appeal on - [Is the Office of the Governor of Victoria valid if it ceases to operate under Letters Patent?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-office-of-the-governor-of-victoria-valid-if-it-ceases-to-operate-under-letters-patent/) - In 1994 the Letters Patent of 1986 for the State of Victoria constituting the office of Governor for and within the State of Victoria ceased to have effect as enacted now by the Victorian Parliament. The Letters Patent for the Governor first issued in 1900 provided the following: And whereas it has become necessary to make - [Covid-19: High Court quashes 'unlawful' vaccine mandate for police and defence force staff](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-high-court-quashes-unlawful-vaccine-mandate-for-police-and-defence-force-staff/) - The High Court has quashed the Covid-19 vaccine mandate for police and Defence Force staff. The order required Defence Force personnel, and police constables, recruits and authorised officers to have two doses of the vaccine by 1 March, or face termination. Fewer than 300 of the more than 31,000 staff affected by the mandate across - [Enforcing New Zealand judgments in Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/enforcing-new-zealand-judgments-in-australia/) - Judgment criteria The registration regime for the enforcement of New Zealand judgments in Australia is contained in Part 7 of the Trans-Tasman Proceedings Act 2010(Cth). The types of New Zealand judgments that can be enforced in Australia are broad and include the following: (a) money judgments; (b) non-money judgments; (c) judgments in criminal proceedings that - [Yardley v Minister for Workplace Relations and Safety](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/yardley-v-minister-for-workplace-relations-and-safety/) - Judicial review proceedings brought by three Police and Defence Force workers against the COVID-19 Public Health Response (Specified Work Vaccinations) Order 2021. The High Court upheld the challenge, finding that the Order imposed an unjustified limitation on the applicants' rights, and that the limit was not demonstrably justified. The Court was not satisfied that the - [Groundbreaking COVID decision in family law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/groundbreaking-covid-decision-in-family-law/) - What can be said about Justice Alex Pazaratz that has not already been said by others? There is no doubt that he “can be counted on to tell it like it is;” is “thoughtful and child-focused;” and is “known for his plain language, storytelling, humour and biting commentary.” All of this is true, but in - [Ground-breaking speeding fine court win](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ground-breaking-speeding-fine-court-win/) - A ground-breaking court ruling has cancelled a years-old speeding ticket after the driver claimed he never received the original fine and "thought it was a scam". Noosa real estate agent Greg Smith was shocked to receive a fine notice in the mail last year which alerted him to a $791.85 debt over an unpaid speeding - [British Medical Association v The Commonwealth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/british-medical-association-v-the-commonwealth/) - Does the prohibition in s51(xxiiiA) but not so as to authorise any form of civil conscription apply to the states? William J , Justice of the High Court of Australia in the British Medical association case (BMA), stated, William J It would no doubt be a form of industrial conscription to compel persons by law to - [Official warnings / Victoria Police](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/official-warnings-victoria-police/) - Learn about official warnings and when Victoria Police can withdraw an infringement notice. Victoria Police has the discretion, upon review, to withdraw an infringement notice and issue an official warning in its place. Each application for an official warning is reviewed on a case-by-case basis with factors such as the circumstances, time of - [High Court ~ Statutory Government Corporations are NOT the Crown.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statutorygovernmentcorporationsarenotthecrown/) - Launceston Corporation v Hydro Electric Commission (1959) 100 CLR 654 is a leading case about the status of statutory corporations. The HEC argued that it was not liable to pay rates because it was entitled to Crown immunity. The High Court held that, as a statutory corporation, it was independent of the Crown and not entitled - [Govt drops police and NZDF vaccine mandate appeal](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/govt-drops-police-and-nzdf-vaccine-mandate-appeal/) - The Government has abandoned its appeal against a ruling that found the police and NZDF vaccine mandate was ‘unlawful’. The Covid-19 vaccine (file picture). (Source: istock.com) Unvaccinated police officers and NZDF staff, who faced losing their jobs on March 1 after the Government determined staff needed to be vaccinated, challenged the order in the - [New AHPRA Medical Code of Conduct.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-ahpra-medical-code-of-conduct/) - The following is the new AHPRA Code of conduct for: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners Chinese medicine practitioners Chiropractors Dental practitioners including dentists, dental specialists, dental hygienists, dental prosthetists, dental therapists and oral health therapists Medical radiation practitioners Occupational therapists Optometrists Osteopaths Paramedics Pharmacists Physiotherapists Podiatrists and podiatric surgeons [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Ahpra-Advance-copy-revised-shared-code-of-conduct.pdf"] - [Honest and Reasonable Mistake of Fact](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/honest-and-reasonable-mistake-of-fact/) - In the Commonwealth, there are various types of criminal offences and these are mens rea offences, absolute liability offences and strict liability offences. The defence of honest and reasonable mistake of fact is a legal defence to any strict liability offence. In order to examine the defence of honest and reasonable mistake, lets look at - [Judicial Review - What you need to Know - Queensland](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/judicial-review-queensland/) - Where a person has standing to seek judicial review, they can do so on the grounds set out in the pt 3 or pt 5 of Judicial Review Act 1991 (Qld) (Judicial Review Act). Sections 20, 21 and 23 of the Judicial Review Act specify the grounds on which a pt 3 statutory order of - [Halsbury's JUDICIAL REVIEW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-judicial-review/) - Further to our continued series on Judicial Review There is a presumption that the acts of public bodies, such as orders, decisions and byelaws, are lawful and valid until declared otherwise by the court. Although some acts or measures may be described as being 'void ab initio' or as 'nullities', the modern view is that - [Can Police detain you for the purpose of questioning?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-police-detain-you-for-the-purpose-of-questioning/) - Police officers have, of course, power to arrest and detain a citizen where they have reasonable and probable grounds for suspecting that a felony has been committed, and that he is the person who committed it. But this power is exercisable only for the purpose of taking him before a magistrate to be dealt with - [R. v. METROPOLITAN POLICE COMMISSIONER, EX PARTE BLACKBURN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/r-v-metropolitan-police-commissioner-ex-parte-blackburn/) - Recent interest in R. v. METROPOLITAN POLICE COMMISSIONER, EX PARTE BLACKBURN has bought us many requests to post the relevant detail of this case. The duty of the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis. The office of Commissioner of Police within the Metropolis dates back to 1829 when Sir Robert Peel introduced his disciplined force. The - [Is there a power within the Constitution to create Local Government?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-a-power-within-the-constitution-to-create-local-government/) - The NSW Parliament have clearly provided there is no power within the Commonwealth Constitution to create Local Government and this is an exclusive power of State governments, if this is the case how is it that the Commonwealth Government have empowered Territory Governments to enact forms of Local Government within the Commonwealth Territories? - [How to make a complaint about Police.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-to-make-a-complaint-about-police/) - Types of complaints Complaints can reply to different types of behaviour. Communication and customer service complaints Communication and customer service complaints usually involve matters such as: rudeness poor attitude and practice careless or poor service failure to adequately explain police procedures, deal with your crime report or keep you informed Corruption, misconduct, or improper conduct - [Can the Commonwealth impose Local Government Rates on a Territory?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-the-commonwealth-impose-local-government-rates-on-a-territory/) - We asked the Attorney Generals Office to provide the Head of Power found within the Constitution allowing for Local Government to charging council rates and if no power exists the information allowing the Commonwealth to impose council rates on a Territory. The Attorney General failed to provide the power or the information requested and it - [Statutes and Equity](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statutes-and-equity/) - The work of equity, save in its exclusive jurisdiction, was the amelioration or supplementation of the application of the rule at law, or under statute. Aristotle defined the very nature of equity as the correction of the law, by ameliorating the defect of the necessary universality of law's rule. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CJ-Allsop-20191112.pdf"] - [Formal requirements of a deed](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/formal-requirements-of-a-deed/) - 1 of 1 DOCUMENT: New Zealand Forms and Precedents/Documents -- Formal Parts/Preliminary Notes/FORMAL PARTS OF DEEDS AND AGREEMENTS FORMAL PARTS OF DEEDS AND AGREEMENTS [109] Formal requirements of a deed A deed must be written on paper, parchment or vellum. A deed written on any other substance cannot take effect as a deed. It may - [New Science Shows Vaccines Help Omicron Spread: Peer-Reviewed Study](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-science-shows-vaccines-help-omicron-spread-peer-reviewed-study/) - A team of 19 scientists from the United Kingdom have published new research that helps explain why countries with the highest vaccination rates are experiencing the highest numbers of what they call “breakthrough infections,” as well as reinfection with other variants of COVID-19. This research article, published on June 14, 2022 in the peer-reviewed journal - [GEORGE v ROCKETT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/george-v-rockett/) - When a statute prescribes that there must be "reasonable grounds" for a state of mind - including suspicion and belief - it requires the existence of facts which are sufficient to induce that state of mind in a reasonable person. HIGH COURT OF AUSTRALIA Mason C.J., Brennan, Deane, Dawson, Toohey Gaudron and McHugh JJ. - [Data Reveals COVID Vax Has Killed 5 To 12 MILLION People Worldwide](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/data-reveals-covid-vax-has-killed-5-to-12-million-people-worldwide/) - This article was originally published by Rhoda Wilson at The Exposé. What is the number of deaths, worldwide, from Covid injections? By doing a rough calculation Steve Kirsch arrives at a ballpark figure of 12 million. To give the number some context, that is 40x the number of Americans who were killed in World War - [Trespass.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/trespass-2/) - What is the Offence of Trespassing in Victoria? Section 9(1)(e) of the Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic) makes it a crime for a person to enter a private place without the owner or occupier's consent or for a legitimate purpose. Going into a scheduled public place without permission is also an offence. Such public areas - [POLICING VICTORIA 2022 'a critical review.'](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/policing-victoria-2022-a-critical-review/) - The Community Advocacy Alliance Inc (CAA) has submitted this paper, Policing Victoria 2022, to the Chief Commissioner and has made it available to the political decision-makers of this State irrespective of their ideology. The CAA has prepared the paper to assist the role and function of policing in this State. It is influenced by over - [Study casts doubt on accuracy of mobile drug testing devices](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/study-casts-doubt-on-accuracy-of-mobile-drug-testing-devices/) - Research at the University of Sydney Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics suggests the devices currently used return both false positives and false negatives. New research conducted by the Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics at the University of Sydney calls into question the reliability of the two devices that are currently being used for mobile drug - [Victoria Police caught issuing fake permits](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victoria-police-caught-issuing-fake-permits/) - IMAGINE IF THE VICTORIAN REGISTRY JUST DID WHAT IT WANTED TO DO? LEADING PRO-SHOOTERS RIGHTS MP and NSC member Tim Quilty MLC, has revealed in Parliament that VicPol’s registry (LRD) have been caught breaking the same laws it administers. This follows revelations of “missing guns” and allegations of continual misconduct of senior LRD officers. Now - [THE KISSINGER REPORT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-kissinger-report/) - World population growth since World War II is quantitatively and qualitatively different from any previous epoch in human history… total growth rates are close to 2 percent a year, compared with about 1 percent before World War II, under 0.5 percent in 1750-1900, and far lower rates before 1750. -Executive Summary, The Kissinger Report In - [The Attempted Theft of British Sovereignty...](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-attempted-theft-of-british-sovereignty/) - In 1971, an FCO memorandum known as FCO 30/1048 was drafted. This document details how the UK would surrender sovereignty if it were to join the E.E.C/EU. However, this document was classified as Confidential, and not released into the public domain until 2002. The surrender of sovereign powers, as a consequence of signing the Treaty - [Governor-General - Proclamation of His Majesty King Charles III](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/governor-general-proclamation-of-his-majesty-king-charles-iii/) - On September 11, 2022 the Governor General created a Proclamation to announce Queen Elizabeth the Seconds passing and of King Charles the Third, now King of Australia. This was proclaimed under the Great Seal of Australia that being the Seal of the Her Majesty, as Queen of Australia. How can the Queen seal be used - [PERSONAL INFORMATION BREACHES UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT 1988](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/personal-information-breaches-under-the-privacy-act/) - We have been asked what exactly 'personal information' is as stipulated in the Privacy Act 1988. This document from the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner sets out what personal information is and includes sensitive information, additionally the below provisions are for the enforcement and compensation of a breach of your privacy by an APP - [Shielded from Vaxx Shedding: Top Doctors Reveal How to Detox & Protect Yourself](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/shielded-from-vaxx-shedding-top-doctors-reveal-how-to-detox-protect-yourself/) - Vaxx Shedding, what is is and how can it effect you? Dr. Bryan Ardis & Dr. Henry Ealy take you on an intriguing journey of how shedding can effect you and what you can do to counteract the effects of this obscure little known ailment most don't even know they are suffering from. [pdf-embedder - [The Crime of Criminalising Everyday Life: The Rule of Law Discarded in Victoria’s COVID Response](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-crime-of-criminalising-everyday-life-the-rule-of-law-discarded-in-victorias-covid-response/) - The Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) published this week a groundbreaking research paper by Professor Mirko Bagaric on the impact of Australia's failed response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Titled, The Crime of Criminalising Everyday Life: The Rule of Law Discarded in Victoria’s COVID Response, the report found; More than 50,000 normally law-abiding Victorians were subject to criminal sanctions for breaches - [The International Data Privacy and Compliance Handbook](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-international-data-privacy-and-compliance-handbook/) - There are a total of 13 privacy principles under the Federal Privacy Act 1988 with the sole purpose of making sure businesses are transparent about how they handle and process personal data. If you have already prepared for the GDPR, much of GDPR compliance will apply in Australia. There are a few caveats, but the - [Code of Conduct for Ministers](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/code-of-conduct-for-ministers/) - Ministers hold high public office and are entrusted with considerable privilege and power. The people of Australia are entitled to expect that, in the discharge of their duties, they will act in a manner that is consistent with the highest ethical standards. The convention of collective responsibility which applies to the Federal Cabinet ensures that - [COVID-19 vaccines – An Australian Review](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-vaccines-an-australian-review/) - After millions of people have been vaccinated as often as four times within a year, the effects of these vaccinations are slowly becoming apparent. This review has been written from an Australian perspective with the main focus on the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We will look at the promises/predictions originally made and the actual facts. We - ["Australia Act 1986" ~ Is the Monarch's personal assent required for Act's that alter a States Constitution?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-act-1986-is-the-monarchs-personal-assent-required-for-acts-that-alter-a-states-constitution/) - . Did the State or the Commonwealth Governments have the power to enact the Australia Acts Requests Act of the several States as well as the Commonwealth Australia Act without the personal assent of the Monarch? . This document says No... . 6 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/AUSTRALIA-ACT-BILL-PAPER-1.pdf" title="AUSTRALIA ACT BILL PAPER"] If you can - [Curing the pandemic of misinformation on COVID-19](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/curing-the-pandemic-of-misinformation-on-covid-19/) - . UK Cardiologist Dr Aseem Malhotra, has written two papers on the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines (see below). Dr Malhotra who took two doses of the Pfizer vaccine, could not conceive the possibility that any vaccine could cause real harm. A whistleblower from a prestigious UK cardiology department shared with Dr Malhotra, that a group - [Pfizer CEO pulls out of testifying to EU Parliament COVID panel](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-ceo-pulls-out-of-testifying-to-eu-parliament-covid-panel/) - High-level contacts between Albert Bourla and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen before multibillion-euro vaccine deal are under scrutiny. Pfizer Chief Executive Albert Bourla has pulled out of an appointment to testify before the European Parliament's special committee on COVID-19, at which he was expected to face tough questions on how secretive vaccine deals - [Demise of the Crown W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/demise-of-the-crown-w-a/) - . . SECOND READING SPEECH CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT (DEMISE OF THE CROWN) BILL 2017 I move –That the Bill now be read a second time. This Bill proposes an amendment to the Constitution Act 1889 (WA), which makes express provision for the demise of the Crown.The term "demise of the Crown" refers specifically to the - [Code of Conduct ~ Victoria Police.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/code-of-conduct-victoria-police/) - . The Victoria Police Code of Conduct – professional and ethical standards provides the basis for professional practice and defines the expected standards of behaviour and conduct of all Victoria Police members. Most officers work within the framework of the code and those found to be acting outside their professional capacity can be scrutinised by - [Do legal practitioners have to swear oaths of allegiance to the Monarch?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/do-legal-practitioners-have-to-swear-oaths-of-allegiance-to-the-monarch/) - It is clear from the case of Moller below that after seeking an order of the Supreme Court Rules Moller attempted to be excused from taking the oath of allegiance as prescribed. Moller over the passage of time to become an Australian citizen had a conscientious objection to taking an oath of allegiance to Her Majesty the - [Biometric data & the Privacy Act 1988.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/biometric-data-the-privacy-act-1988/) - Can an employer force you to provide your biometric data? In this case of Jeremy Lee v Superior Wood Pty Ltd, Jeremy Lee objected to his employer’s direction to use a fingerprint scanner to sign in and out of his work site, under Superior Wood’s Site Attendance Policy. Mr Lee argued that he owned the biometric - [State Tribunals are not Courts and cannot exercise Judicial Powers.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/state-tribunals-are-not-courts-and-cannot-exercise-judicial-powers/) - In the matter of AB v CD [2020] QCAT 295 Adjudicator Alan Walsh found that QCAT (as well as other State tribunals) lacked power to exercise Federal Jurisdiction and to hear this matter having regard to sections 104, 113, and 113A’ of the Child Support (Registration and Collection Act) 1988 (Cth) and the application was dismissed - [EXCLUSIVE!!! Red Shirts Scandal, Did senior Police pervert the course of Justice?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/exclusive-red-shirts-scandal-were-senior-police-corrupted/) - In 2018, Victoria's Ombudsman found Labor had misused $388,000 during the "red shirts" scandal, below is an exclusive release of a police task force members official statement revealing revelations that senior police could have perverted the course of justice to protect Labor Party members and stop influence over the 2018 Victorian election. The task force - [Is there a power within the Constitution to create a King of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-a-power-within-the-constitution-to-create-a-king-of-australia/) - This most recent Freedom of Information response fails to provide for an enumerated head of power within the constitution to create a title for the King of Australia. There is no current instrument one can point to for a legal purpose to use an alternate title in Australian and State law. If you can point - [Application for revocation Queensland Form 81](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/application-for-revocation-queensland-form-81/) - PENALTIES AND SENTENCES ACT 1992 - SECT 81 Application for revocation 81 Application for revocation (1) An application under section 79must be made— (a) by— (i) the offender; or (ii) an authorised corrective services officer; or (iii) the director of public prosecutions; and (b) while the fine option order is in force; and (c) in - [Has the Doctor Patient Relationship been damaged?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-the-doctor-patient-relationship-been-damaged/) - It is clear from Doctors messages to their government representatives that the Doctor Patient relationship has been violated and damaged from regulatory bureaucracy due to a failure for Doctors to be able to express their professional judgement and prescribe and provide accurate advice according to their professional judgement without a cartel like oversight from government. - [Is Victorian Land Tax Discriminatory and therefore Invalid?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-victorian-land-tax-discriminatory/) - It appears in Victoria we have differential discriminatory land tax laws, the power of taxation comes from section 51 of the Commonwealth Constitution. COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION ACT - SECT 51 Legislative powers of the Parliament The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and - [Do Covid Infringements issued in Victoria meet the Prescribed Details?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/do-covid-infringements-issued-in-victoria-meet-the-prescribed-details/) - . Do Covid Infringements issued in Victoria meet the prescribed details and therefore a valid issuance of that infringement consistent with Victorian legislation? Below is a snippet of an infringement as issued in Victoria. Does the below information contained - [Who are APHRA?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-are-aphra/) - Dr William Bay, a suspended Queensland doctor currently in the Supreme Court of Queensland is challenging the validity and origin of APHRA the national medical regulator. He has documentation from the Federal Health Minister saying AHPRA are not under the Commonwealth and interestingly also papers from Queensland State government saying they are not a State - [AUSTRALIA ACTS (REQUEST) ACT 1985 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-acts-request-act-1985-western-australian-legislative-council/) - Does this invalidate the Australia Act? . . [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/W.A.-REQUESTS-ACT-HANSARD-19851015_Council.pdf" title="W.A. REQUESTS ACT HANSARD 19851015_Council"] https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-acts-request-act-1985-western-australia/ - [AUSTRALIA ACTS (REQUEST) ACT 1985 WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-acts-request-act-1985-western-australian-legislative-assembly/) - Below are the parliamentary debates on the Australia Act (Request) Bill 1985. Western Australian Minister are proclaiming the Australia Act Bill is invalid and beyond power. Does this evidence the Act has been created beyond the power of the Parliament and an attempt to undermine the Sovereignty of the Western Australian Constitution and therefore it's - [Is the Sheriff of NSW a valid lawful office?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-sheriff-in-nsw-a-valid-lawful-office/) - How is it that the sheriff in NSW has any power if the empowering instrument creating the Sheriffs function ceases to have effect? Where is the power to override the prerogative instrument of the King within Australia's Constitutional Monarchy? A Brief History of the Charter. As a result of the criticisms of the existing judicial - [NSW Police guilty of Trespass.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nsw-police-guilty-of-trespass/) - During the COVID-19 pandemic on the 24 August 2021 police attended a NSW property based information received at Lismore Police Station which suggested that the owner might be seeking to have pamphlets printed in relation to organising a public gathering or protest on 31 August 2021. Police were concerned that if a public gathering or protest - [New South Wales v Ibbett [2006] HCA 57 12 December 2006](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-south-wales-v-ibbett-2006-hca-57-12-december-2006/) - New South Wales v Ibbett [2006] HCA 57 involved particularly objectionable behaviour by two police officers who decided to go in "hot pursuit" of Warren Ibbett (who had previously served time for drug-related offences.) The officers saw Warren driving but had no other reason to suppose he was in possession of drugs. Nevertheless they pursued him at high - [Trespass Victoria.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/trespass/) - SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1966 - SECT 9 Wilful destruction, damage etc. of property (1) Any person who— (d) wilfully trespasses in any public place other than a Scheduled public place and neglects or refuses to leave that place after being warned to do so by the owner occupier or - [Who are the Australian Taxation Office?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-are-the-australian-taxation-office/) - The Australian Taxation Office are a Trading Name of a Business named Ultimate holding for all Company as provided for within the Australian Government Business Register. But is the ATO a Constitutional Trading Corporation for the purposes of s51(xx) of the Constitution? [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ABNCurrentDetails_51824753556.pdf"] What is a constitutional corporation? The Fair Work Act - [Was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court sworn in under the Great Seal of the Commonwealth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/was-the-chief-justice-of-the-federal-court-sworn-in-under-the-great-seal-of-the-commonwealth/) - The below Freedom of Information response clearly discovers the Commission of Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, James Leslie Bain ALLSOP. This FOI sought to reveal under which seal the Chief Justice's appointment was created. It is clearly revealed the appointment is under the Great seal of Australia under the Queen of - [Will the real King please stand up?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/will-the-real-king-please-stand-up/) - In the Freedom of Information response below the author attempted to reveal the identity of the Queen who New South Wales Police officers swear their oath to. Section 5 of the NSW Constitution Act 1902 provides law making parameters for the legislator of New South Wales. Part 2 of the State Constitution provides for the - [Is the Commonwealth of Australia trading as a limited partnership?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-commonwealth-of-australia-trading-as-a-limited-partnership/) - What is a limited partnership? A limited partnership consists of at least one general partner and at least one limited partner. Normally the general partners have unlimited liability but the limited liability partners are limited to the capital amount they have invested. But what of the Commonwealth of Australia, we are led to believe the - [Norfolk Island NIPD, United Nations Petition](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/norfolk-island-nipd-united-nations-petition/) - On 8 May 2015, the Norfolk Island People voted overwhelmingly in support of their “right to freely determine their political status, their economic, social and cultural development”. Australia chose to ignore the outcome of the legally constituted referendum and to disregard the rights of the Norfolk Island People. Consequently in June 2015, the Legislative Assembly - [Is this a List of Australian Traitors?!?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-this-a-list-of-australian-traitors/) - . Did the following members of parliament sell every Australian out? Have the following people conspired against the people of Australia? Are these people a direct threat to Australia's Sovereignty? Let it be known and may the court of public opinion rule supreme! . [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI-2023-351-Decision-1.pdf" title="FOI-2023-351 - Decision"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI-2023-351-Document-for-release.pdf" title="FOI-2023-351 - - [Final rule to enable metering coordinators to deactivate smart meter communications](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/final-rule-to-enable-metering-coordinators-to-deactivate-smart-meter-communications/) - The AEMC has made a final rule to allow metering coordinators to deactivate the communications on already-installed advanced meters if requested by a customer. Metering coordinators and retailers will first need to ensure that the customer has sufficient information, so that the customer can make an informed decision when they request deactivation of the remote meter communications - [St George Bank v Hammer [2015] NSWSC 957 & 953](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/st-george-bank-v-hammer-2015-nswsc-957-953/) - What Is a Bill of Exchange? A bill of exchange is a written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party on demand or at a predetermined date. Bills of exchange are similar to checks and promissory notes—they can be drawn by individuals - [The king’s two bodies and the Crown a corporation sole: historical dualities in English legal thinking](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-kings-two-bodies-and-the-crown-a-corporation-sole-historical-dualities-in-english-legal-thinking/) - ABSTRACT As Kantorowicz acknowledged in his seminal work on the theological groundings of medieval political theory, the legal doctrine of the king’s two bodies was not a medieval legal doctrine but an Elizabethan one. It was developed by Plowden, an English jurist, in the second half of the sixteenth century. With Plowden’s theory of the - [SUPREME COURT RULES VACCINE MANDATES WERE UNLAWFUL](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/supreme-court-rules-vaccine-mandates-were-unlawful/) - The Supreme Court of Queensland has ruled that COVID-19 vaccine mandates imposed by the Queensland state government on emergency workers during the pandemic were unlawful under the state’s own human rights laws. On Feb. 27, the Supreme Court issued rulings on multiple lawsuits against the Queensland Police Service (QPS) and Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) over - [The Great Taking](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-great-taking/) - The Great Taking, a book written about the scheme of central bankers to subjugate humanity by taking all securities, bank deposits, and property financed with debt. 136 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Great-taking-feb24-screen2.pdf" title="Great taking-feb24-screen2"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you - [THE Coming Commonwealth ~ AN AUSTRALIAN HANDBOOK OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-coming-commonwealth-an-australian-handbook-of-federal-government/) - BY ROBERT RANDOLPH GARRAN, B.A. BARRISTER-AT-LAW; MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE AUSTRALASIAN FEDERATION LEAGUE, SYDNEY ; DELEGATE TO THE COROWA CONFERENCE OF 1893, AND THE BATHURST CONVENTION OF 1896. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/THE-Coming-Commonwealth-AN-AUSTRALIAN-HANDBOOK-OF-FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT.pdf" title="THE Coming Commonwealth ~ AN AUSTRALIAN HANDBOOK OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT"] If you can spare a few dollars for - [THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE AND STATUTE IN AUSTRALIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-relationship-between-the-royal-prerogative-and-statute-in-australia/) - The boundaries of the prerogative and the limits on its application are notoriously difficult to determine. But there is an uncertainty surrounding the existence and scope of prerogative powers, their potentially coercive application and their partial abrogation or regulation by legislation. Prerogative powers find their basis in historical usage. One significant consequence is that they cannot - [Royal Assent](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-assent/) - The Constitution provides that on the presentation of proposed laws for assent, the Governor-General declares, according to his discretion but subject to the Constitution, that he assents in the Queen’s name, or that he withholds assent, or that he reserves assent for the Queen’s pleasure, or he may recommend amendments. Before assenting, the Governor-General formally receives - [LAW OF NATIONS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-of-nations/) - Is Australia a sovereign state? The Australia Act of 1986 claims this status. The Law of Nations provides every nation that governs itself, under what form soever, without dependency of any foreign power, is a sovereign state. Although the High Court case of Sue v Hill proclaimed the Queen of the United Kingdom was a - [How to lodge a land valuation objection in Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-to-lodge-a-land-valuation-objection-in-victoria/) - To submit your objection, you will need the following information from your council valuation and rate notice: assessment or property number site value (value of land) capital improved value (value of building(s) and land) net annual value – (a minimum of 5% of the capital improved value) issue date The date of valuation is 1 - [Documentary Hearsay](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/documentary-hearsay/) - Documentary hearsay refers to written or recorded statements made outside of court that are presented as evidence to prove the truth of what they assert. In essence, it is a subset of the broader hearsay rule, which excludes statements made by a person who is not present to testify and be cross examined. The core - [Complaint to the Australian Federal Police](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/complaint-to-the-australian-federal-police/) - Below is the official complaint to the Australian Federal Police regarding the failure of the Australian Federal Parliament to enact legislation authorising the executive to issue a Royal Warrant, thereby enlivening the title of King Charles III within the Commonwealth of Australia. To: Kevin Loermans Australian Federal Police — Criminal Investigations Division Date: - [Proclamation of the King.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/proclamation-of-the-king/) - The author of this request to the Prime Minister and Cabinets Office sought to discover the legal instrument to create the new title for the King of Australia distinct from the King of the United Kingdom. In 1973 the Queen of Australia was created by statute within the Royal Style and Titles Act, this was - [ROGUE AGENCIES ~ Government's approach to FOI 'undermines' transparency.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/rogue-agencies-governments-approach-to-foi-undermines-transparency/) - Government's approach to FOI 'undermines' transparency: former ombudsman By David Crowe October 24, 2019 — 12.01am 10 View all comments The Morrison government has been accused of breaching disclosure laws by scaling back the peak agency which oversees the release of information amid a growing row over public sector secrecy. Former Commonwealth ombudsman John McMillan said - [NSW Police Prosecutors Email list.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nsw-police-prosecutors-email-list/) - A list of Police Prosecution Office email Contacts. 2 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/NSW-Police-prosecutors-email-addresses.pdf" title="NSW Police prosecutors - email addresses"] - [NSW Police are not a Legal Entity at Law!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nsw-police-are-not-a-legal-entity-at-law/) - The following was provided by NSW Police under Freedom of Information: NSW Police Force is not a legal entity but is a collection of persons either appointed to statutory office or employed in the service of the Crown for the performance of the agency’s functions when the agency engages in legal relationships, such as procurement, - [Running a Voir Dire in the Local Court.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/running-a-voir-dire-in-the-local-court/) - "Running a Voir Dire in the Local Court" offers practical guidance on how to conduct a voir dire in the context of the Local Court in New South Wales. It explores the role of voir dire, which is a procedural tool used to challenge the admissibility of certain evidence before it is presented to a - [GUIDE TO JUDICIAL CONDUCT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/guide-to-judicial-conduct/) - The Guide to Judicial Conduct is a set of ethical principles and guidelines that outline the expected conduct of judges in common law jurisdictions, including Australia. The guide is designed to help ensure that judges adhere to the highest standards of professionalism, integrity, and impartiality in their decision-making and judicial responsibilities. It provides a framework - [DEATH BY DIAGNOSIS: OFFICE OF PUBLIC ADVOCATE MUST BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE WILFUL MURDER OF “KATHLEEN”](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/death-by-diagnosis-office-of-public-advocate-must-be-held-accountable-for-the-wilful-murder-of-kathleen/) - MEDIA RELEASE 26/10/24 Aged & disability advocates are again calling on Kiara’s Law to get all family guardianship matters taken out of the South Australian Civil & Administrative Tribunal (SACAT) & sent directly into the Supreme Court or to commence in a lower court with access to justice through a higher court, after the death - [63-year-old NDIS “Cash Cow” is Denied Legal Protections Against Elder Abuse in an Adelaide Hills Nursing Home](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/63-year-old-ndis-cash-cow-is-denied-legal-protections-against-elder-abuse-in-an-adelaide-hills-nursing-home/) - MEDIA RELEASE – 5th December, 2024 Participants of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) have become lucrative “cash cows” to be exploited by unethical NDIA Planners, belligerent Public Advocates, and unscrupulous NDIS providers, warns Ms. Ksenija Kristo, Director of KSM Disability Consultancy. These individuals trade vulnerable NDIS participants between nursing homes and preferred - [THE WEIGHT OF CHAINS: HOW THE GOVERNMENT ASSET-STRIPPING FACTORY IS SYSTEMATICALLY ABUSING THE ELDERLY AND VULNERABLE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-weight-of-chains-how-the-government-asset-stripping-factory-is-systematically-abusing-the-elderly-and-vulnerable/) - MEDIA RELEASE, 18/11/24 Aged and disability rights advocates are calling for an urgent Royal Commission into the systemic abuses and exploitation of the elderly, their families, carers, and service providers under South Australia’s Guardianship regime. Disability advocate and Director of KSM Disability Consultancy (KSM), Ms. Ksenija Kristo, has condemned the South Australian Government, stating, "The - [Criminal Code 1995 ~ Do you have a Political Right to Protest?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/criminal-code-1995-political-rights/) - 80.2A Urging violence against groups Offences (1) A person (the first person ) commits an offence if: (a) the first person intentionally urges another person, or a group, to use force or violence against a group (the targeted group ); and (b) the first person does so intending that force or violence will occur; and - [Are Digital I.D.s Compulsory?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-digital-i-d-s-compulsory/) - Currently there is a lot of confusion surrounding the Digital I.D. and if it is compulsory to have one. The Digital I.D. is VOLUNTARY and businesses and government agencies must provide alternate ways for you to access their services such as traditional methods of providing identification. Section 74 of the Digital I.D. Act provides the following. - [TRIAL BY PUBLIC SERVANT IN A KANGAROO COURT: SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S DIRTY LITTLE SECRET](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/trial-by-public-servant-in-a-kangaroo-court-south-australias-dirty-little-secret/) - MEDIA RELEASE – 25th March, 2025 Calls for the complete dismantling of the State’s guardianship system and the transfer of family guardianship matters to higher courts continue to grow following a disturbing case of persecution against an 80-year-old non-English-speaking, Italian mother, Mrs. “Mari”, and her daughter “Rosie” by the Office of Ageing Well (OAW). This follows - [REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT TO REVIEW THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/report-of-the-committee-appointed-by-the-commonwealth-government-to-review-the-bills-of-exchange-act/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/REPORT-OF-THE-COMMITTEE-APPOINTED-BY-THE-COMMONWEALTH-GOVERNMENT-TO-REVIEW-THE-BILLS-OF-EXCHANGE-ACT.pdf" title="REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT TO REVIEW THE BILLS OF EXCHANGE ACT"] - [How Australia has been swindled](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-australia-has-been-swindled/) - Research and Recommendations – Uncovering how Australia is being swindled – Probably the greatest swindle in the world – and proving that we can be very wealthy. THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN SWINDLE A deliberate plan to reduce Australia’s income, calculated to destroy Australian-owned companies, forcing them into the hands of transnationals. Suddenly there is insufficient tax - [THE INHERITED IMPERIAL LAW REGARDING THE CROWN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-inherited-imperial-law-regarding-the-crown/) - The Sixty-Fifth Report of the Law Reform Committee of South Australia, relating to the inherited imperial law regarding the Crown, offers an analysis of various statutes that govern the Crown's rights and prerogatives. The report specifically addresses the relationship between the Crown, the state, and legal procedures, highlighting statutes inherited from English imperial law that - [Linville Holdings P/L v Fraser Coast Regional Council [2017] QSC 252](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/linville-holdings-p-l-v-fraser-coast-regional-council-2017-qsc-252/) - QUEENSLAND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT. Because the applicants have succeeded upon the argument that, contrary to s 94 of the LGA and r 81 of the LGR, there was no resolution to levy the rates and charges for the relevant years, it follows that the applicants are entitled to a declaration substantially in the form sought - [The Right to Water](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-right-to-water/) - The human right to water is the right of every individual to have access to clean, safe, and affordable water to meet their basic needs. This right is fundamental for life, health, and dignity, and it has been recognized at the international level as part of broader human rights frameworks. International Recognition: The right to - [RESURGENCE OF THE KABLE PRINCIPLE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/resurgence-of-the-kable-principle/) - The Kable principle holds that a state legislature cannot enact laws that undermine or erode the integrity or independence of the judiciary. This principle stems from the Australian Constitution and the separation of powers doctrine, which requires that the powers of the legislature, executive, and judiciary remain distinct to ensure a fair and balanced system - [Seat Belt Exemption Queensland.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/seat-belt-exemption-queensland/) - Drivers You and all passengers in your vehicle must always wear a seatbelt or child restraint when driving. Driving includes when the vehicle is moving or stationary (for example, when stopped at traffic lights), but not when parked. As the driver of the vehicle, it is your responsibility to ensure you and every passenger in - [Seat Belt exemption Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/seat-belt-exemption-victoria/) - Medical exemptions A driver or passenger doesn't have to wear a seat belt (including a child restraint or booster seat) if they have a current medical certificate that: explains why you are exempt is signed by a medical practitioner (a doctor, for example) shows the date it was written has an expiry date of less - [Assessing Fitness to Drive](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/assessing-fitness-to-drive/) - The "Assessing Fitness to Drive for Commercial and Private Vehicle Drivers" (Edition 2022) is a publication by Austroads that provides guidelines for assessing a driver's medical fitness to operate a motor vehicle, both for commercial and private use. It is aimed at medical professionals, health practitioners, and road safety authorities to ensure that drivers are - [A Trustee's Handbook ~ Augustus Peabody Loring.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-trustees-handbook-augustus-peabody-loring/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Augustus-Peabody-Loring-A-Trustees-Handbook.pdf"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. - [Are Discriminatory Land Taxes Unconstitutional?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-discriminatory-land-taxes-unconstitutional/) - A State Parliament cannot impose a discriminatory tax that only applies to part of the population in an arbitrary or unjust manner, as this would violate the constitutional principles of equality and fairness. As this is the case a state cannot impose a discriminatory tax solely on land tax payers to fund the costs of - [Holiday House Land Tax Exemption.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/holiday-house-land-tax-exemption/) - In Victoria, land tax exemptions under Sections 88A and 88B of the Land Tax Act 2005 provide relief for certain properties that meet specific criteria. These exemptions are designed to reduce or eliminate the amount of land tax payable on certain types of land. Here's a detailed guide on how to claim these exemptions: Section - [New South Wales Local Court Bench Book](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-south-wales-local-court-bench-book/) - The New South Wales Local Court Bench Book is a comprehensive guide designed for judges, magistrates, and court staff in the Local Court of New South Wales. It serves as a reference for ensuring consistent and fair decision-making in a wide range of criminal and civil matters that fall under the jurisdiction of the Local - [Criminal Trial Court Bench Book New South Wales](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/criminal-trial-court-bench-book-new-south-wales/) - The Criminal Trial Court Bench Book is a practical guide used by judges in criminal courts to ensure consistency, fairness, and clarity in the conduct of criminal trials. It provides a detailed framework for judges to follow, covering a wide range of procedural and substantive aspects of criminal law. Standardising Trial Procedures: The Bench - [Income tax status review worksheet for self-assessing non-profit organisations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/income-tax-status-review-worksheet-for-self-assessing-non-profit-organisations-2/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Income-Tax-Exemption-Form-Miro.com_.pdf"] - [KELLOG - BRIAND PACK 1928](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/kellog-briand-pack-1928/) - Treaty between the United States and other Powers providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy. Signed at Paris, August 27, 1928; ratification advised by the Senate, January 16, 1929; ratified by the President, January 17, 1929; instruments of ratification deposited at Washington by the United States of America, Australia, Dominion - [Full Judgement BAY v AHPRA QSC24-315](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/full-judgement-bay-v-ahpra-qsc24-315/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/QSC24-315-Full-Judgment-Bay-v-Ahpra-2024.pdf" title="QSC24-315 Full Judgment Bay v Ahpra 2024"] - [Application for Internal Review.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/application-for-internal-review/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Application-for-Internal-Review.pdf" title="Application for Internal Review"] - [Have Queensland Magistrates sworn the correct Oath?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/have-queensland-magistrates-sworn-the-correct-oath/) - MAGISTRATES ACT 1991 - SECT 9 9 OATHS TO BE TAKEN BY MAGISTRATES . (1) A person appointed under section 5 or 6 must not exercise any powers or functions of a magistrate unless the person has— (a) taken and subscribed the oath prescribed by the regulations or, if not so prescribed, by any - [Personage in Western Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/personage-in-western-australia/) - . . When entering the jurisdiction of a Western Australian court are you an Individual or a person? . . INTERPRETATION ACT 1984 - SECT 55 . Terms used in written laws In this Act and every other written law — - [Process to Challenge a Fine and Refund of Fines in Victoria.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/process-to-challenge-a-fine-and-refund-of-fines-in-victoria/) - In Victoria, if you have paid a fine and believe that the fine was contrary to law or unlawful, you may be able to claim the payment back. However, there are specific time limitations within which you must take action. This could apply to Covid Fines. Time Limitations to Claim a Fine Payment Back in - [Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/lange-v-australian-broadcasting-corporation-1997-189-clr-520/) - Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520 is a landmark decision by the High Court of Australia that significantly influenced the development of the law regarding freedom of political communication in Australia. The case established key principles related to the implied constitutional right to freedom of political communication, which, though not explicitly stated - [Petition of Right.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/petition-of-right/) - The Petition of Right (1628) is one of the key constitutional documents in English history, which significantly influenced the development of parliamentary sovereignty and the protection of individual rights. It was a formal petition presented by the English Parliament to King Charles I in 1628, protesting against several grievances that the King had imposed on - [Income tax: is bitcoin a 'foreign currency' for the purposes of Division 775 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 ?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/income-tax-is-bitcoin-a-foreign-currency-for-the-purposes-of-division-775-of-the-income-tax-assessment-act-1997/) - TD 2014/25—the Taxation Determination issued by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) in 2014, which provides guidance on the tax treatment of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies—is still considered valid, but it is important to note that tax rulings can evolve as tax laws and guidance change over time. Here’s a breakdown of the current status and - [Is this the real reason Whitlam was sacked?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-this-the-real-reason-whitlam-was-sacked/) - The chief of Australia’s domestic spy agency, Asio, defied a direct order from then Labor prime minister Gough Whitlam in 1974 to sever all ties with America’s Central Intelligence Agency. Whitlam – hostile to US spy bases in Australia and angy with the CIA’s undermining of leftwing administrations, including Chile’s Allende government in 1973 – - [Judicial Review Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/judicial-review-victoria/) - In Victoria, a judicial review is a process where a court examines the legality or correctness of a decision made by a government body, tribunal, or public official. The purpose is not to review the merits of the decision, but to determine if the decision was made within the law and followed proper procedures. Here’s - [Can a Private Trust Own Property?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-a-private-trust-own-property/) - Yes a private trust can own property, and it is quite common for private trusts to hold property, both real estate and other types of assets. A trust is a legal arrangement where one party (the trustee) holds and manages assets for the benefit of another party (the beneficiary). This can include owning, buying, selling, - [The low down on Private Membership Associations and the Law.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-low-down-on-private-membership-associations-and-the-law/) - The Law of Nations, as a term, typically refers to the body of principles governing relations between sovereign states under international law. The central concept of the Law of Nations (or international law) focuses on the rights and responsibilities of states, governments, and international organizations in areas such as diplomacy, trade, human rights, the conduct - [Fire Ants ~ Biologist Josh King warns Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fire-ants-biologist-josh-king-warns-australia/) - I am writing regarding concerns that I have about the ongoing red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) plan as conceived and currently being carried out by the National Management Group’s National Fire Ant Eradication Program and the Queensland Government and Biosecurity Queensland’s Fire Ant Suppression Taskforce in Queensland and potentially other areas (e.g.New South Wales) - [Vanuatuan matriarch’s $33m sent to brother not taxable, court rules](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vanuatuan-matriarchs-33m-sent-to-brother-not-taxable-court-rules/) - The ATO has failed to show a Vanuatuan supermarket chain owner's transfers to family members in Australia were “ordinary income”. A taxpayer who received around $33 million over 10 years from his elder sister in Vanuatu has successfully fended off the ATO by proving the money was not taxable income but “gifts of capital”. Rene - [Is there power to create the Queen of Australia as a Corporation Sole?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-power-to-create-the-queen-of-australia-as-a-corporation-sole/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI18276-signed-decision-letter.pdf" title="FOI18276 - signed decision letter"] After researching the corporations powers of the Commonwealth the author was compelled to discover the source of power relied upon to incorporate the Queen of Australia as a corporation sole within the Commonwealth Constitution. This response provides the power is lacking. The Author after reading the Constitutional - [The Rise of Non-State Actors in Global Governance](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-rise-of-non-state-actors-in-global-governance/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/GGWEISSFinalR6_0.pdf"] - [Arrest Warrant issued for Jewish Prime Minister Netanyahu](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/arrest-warrant-issued-for-jewish-prime-minister-netanyahu/) - The world’s top war-crimes court issued arrest warrants Thursday for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his former defense minister and Hamas’ military chief, accusing them of crimes against humanity in connection with the 13-month war in Gaza. The warrants said there was reason to believe Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant have used “starvation - [PRO-LASER 4 OPERATORS MANUAL.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pro-laser-4-operators-manual/) - Some of our subscribers have requested a copy of the Pro-Laser 4 manual and various Police Forces refuse to disclose the manual when subpoenaed into evidence. Clearly there is something to hide in respect of the correct operating procedures they don't want you to know... 2 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/006-0966-10_REV_3.pdf"] 32 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/prolaser-4-speeding-gun-prolaser-4-operators-manual.pdf"] - [Of the Absolute Rights of Individuals](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/of-the-absolute-rights-of-individuals/) - The objects of the laws of England are so very numerous and extensive, that, in order to consider them with any tolerable ease and perspicuity, it will be necessary to distribute them methodically, under proper and distinct heads; avoiding as much as possible divisions too large and comprehensive on the one hand, and too trifling - [The Briginshaw Principle](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-briginshaw-principle/) - The common law recognizes two different standards of proof. Civil claims must be proved on the ‘balance of probabilities’ while criminal charges must be proved to the higher standard of ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. The Briginshaw principle is often misunderstood as creating a third standard of proof between these two. This is not the case and - [Trading Corporations Under s51(xx).](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/trading-corporations-under-s51xx/) - Is it a constitutional corporation? Which tests to use: Activities test as per Adamson Case 1979, unless it has not begun or barely begun its business then look to the purpose test (State Superannuation Board, 1982). (*Note if the corp has only existed for small amount of time probably discuss both, also always only look - [Cloud Accounting Software Alert – Xero, MYOB, Quickbooks, etc](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cloud-accounting-software-alert-xero-myob-quickbooks-etc/) - A message from concerned accountants for anyone using Cloud Accounting Software... e-invoicing, The new Way to Send Invoices! In the event you are a business owner or responsible for clients using Cloud Accounting Software? Take note, 13th November is D-Day for your financial data privacy. As a concerned professional we have chosen to - [AN INTRODUCTION TO THE JURISDICTION OF THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-introduction-to-the-jurisdiction-of-the-federal-court-of-australia-2/) - Introduction The Federal Court of Australia (the “Federal Court”) was created by the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) under the authority granted to Parliament by s 71 of Ch III of the Australian Constitution (the “Constitution”) to create federal courts other than the High Court of Australia. The Federal Court was once a - [REVIEW OF PROPERTY LAW ACT 1958 VIC](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/review-of-property-law-act-1958-vic/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/REVIEW-OF-PROPERTY-LAW-ACT-1958-VIC.pdf" title="REVIEW OF PROPERTY LAW ACT 1958 VIC"] - [Advice for the Royal Style and Titles Act.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/advice-for-the-royal-style-and-titles-act/) - The below Freedom of Information response shows a legal advice to the Prime Minister and Cabinets Office to update the Royal Style and Titles Act so as to create a new title for King Charles III to adopt in relation to Australia and its Territories. In a recent video of the Constitutional Clarion Professor Ann - [An overview of Manner & Form in Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-overview-of-manner-form-in-australia/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/314-1-614-1-10-20120911-1.pdf" title="314-1-614-1-10-20120911 (1)"] - [COVID-19 Vaccination DNA Contamination.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-vaccination-dna-contamination/) - Russell Broadbent MP has sent a follow up letter to the Prime Minister outlining the implications of DNA contamination found in Australian covid-19 vaccine vials. His letter is co-signed by 52 Australian and international health professionals, including eminent professors and associate professors. In short, there is compelling evidence that excessive synthetic foreign DNA encapsulated in - [Royal Commission of Assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 UK](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-commission-of-assent-to-the-commonwealth-of-australia-constitution-act-1900-uk/) - The transcript below is the Royal Commission of Assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. It was signed by Queen Victoria on 9 July 1900 (her signature appears at the top left of the document, above her name). The Queen's assent enacted the Australian Constitution, founding the Commonwealth of Australia. Queen Victoria signed the commission - [Person](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/person/) - Since the 1800s the word person has continued to evolve, From its original meaning of the mask of an actor, the 'propria persona' to a thinking intelligent being. The meaning of person in law is, an artificial person, which is a corporation or body politic. Slowly the rights of a man have been transferred to artificial - [Are Local Government actually a Third Independent Tier of Government?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-local-government-actually-a-third-independent-tier-of-government/) - Joint Select Committee on the Constitutional Recognition of Local Government 16/01/2013 Prof. Twomey : First of all I will just talk about some of the points that I think are peripheral—to get rid of them—and then move to the core issues. The peripheral points concern other reasons why you might want constitutional recognition of local - [Councils are not Government!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/councils-are-not-government/) - The NSW Court of Appeal decision in Sydney City Council v Reid, a 1994 case in which the Council attempted to prevent a council manager from having his appeal over an unsuccessful application for promotion heard by the public sector employment appeals tribunal. The manager failed to fall within any other category of employee provided - [IMPERIAL ACTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/imperial-acts-of-constitutional-significance-in-south-australia/) - Unlike three eastern States that have Imperial Acts Application legislation, South Australia does not have any such an Act. The interstate legislation identifies which Imperial Acts apply and which parts of the Acts apply; in the case of the Victorian statute the text of the relevant provisons is helpfully included. South Australia lacks these advantages. - [Right of the Child to Education.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/right-of-the-child-to-education/) - Children of Australia are you experiencing fear, duress and being coerced and bullied to wear a face mask by your school? Here at Constitution Watch we encourage all children to exercise their rights found within the International Convention ~ The Right of the Child. Did you know, the Government is bound to follow - [Fruits From a Poisonous Tree.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fruits-from-a-poisonous-tree/) - Melvin Stamper has a background in Law and Criminal investigations. He served his country in the U.S. Marines, is a former police chief, railroad special agent, CIA intelligence source, industrial engineer, pilot, law professor and legal researcher. He is the author of High Priests of Treason: The Federal Reserve (1994) In the Introduction, we learn - [Is the Corporations Act 2001 valid law?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-corporations-act-2001-valid-law/) - Dear xxxxxxx I write to you regarding your claim lodged in the County Court of Victoria and regarding the application of Corporations Act you claim to administer on behalf of the Commonwealth. I have had an intricate look into the Act and wish to get a number of issues dealt with before proceeding. Firstly, the - [UNIFORM TAXATION CASE 1942](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/uniform-taxation-case-1942/) - CHIEF JUSTICE LATHAM. [a] pretended law made in excess of power is not and never has been a law at all. Anybody in the country is entitled to disregard it. Naturally he will feel safer if he has a decision of a court in his favour –– but such a decision is not an element - ["Void ab Initio"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/void-ab-initio/) - Abstract The void ab initio theory is traditionally associated with the retroactive effect of the unconstitutionality of a statute, in diffused systems of judicial review; as opposed to the prospective effect of unconstitutionality, in Austria, the archetype of centralized judicial review. The paper argues that the void ab initio theory goes far beyond the time-factor - [This Is One Of The Most Banned Recordings On Youtube](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/this-is-one-of-the-most-banned-recordings-on-youtube/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvYdy2LOkDU - ["In Fee Simple"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/in-fee-simple/) - The word "in" within the phrase "In Fee Simple" has been removed from Property Titles across the nation. But what does it mean to you the title holder? According to Halsburys Laws of England an estate in fee simple can be limited by the words "in fee simple", and if the phrase "in fee simple" - [Meaning of Among the Several States in the Commerce Clause](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/meaning-of-among-the-several-states-in-the-commerce-clause/) - Article I, Section 8, Clause 3: [The Congress shall have Power . . . ] To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; . . . The Supreme Court has interpreted the phrase among the several states to exclude transactions that occur wholly within a state. In - [ROYAL TITLES BILL](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-titles-bill/) - HC Deb 03 March 1953 vol 512 cc193-257193 §Order for Second Reading read. §3.32 p.m. §The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Sir David Maxwell Fyfe) I beg to move, "That the Bill be now read a Second time." This Bill is the fourth Measure authorising an alteration of the Royal titles which has - [RESTORATION OF THE QUEENSLAND LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/restoration-of-the-queensland-legislative-council/) - The Constitution Act Amendment Act of Queensland provides a mechanism to re-establish the Legislative Council of the Queensland Parliament. The creation of a Bill to re-establish the Legislative Assembly must be approved by the electors of Queensland at referendum. CONSTITUTION ACT AMENDMENT ACT 1934 - SECT 3 Parliament not to be altered in - [CONSTITUTION (OFFICE OF GOVERNOR) ACT 1987](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitution-office-of-governor-act-1987/) - In 1987 with the enactment of section 13 of the Constitution (Office of Governor) Act, the State of Queensland suspended the operation of the Letters Patent constituting the Office of the Governor of Queensland made by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second on 14 February 1986. This marked the day the power and authority of the - [PERSONA DESIGNATA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/persona-designata-2/) - [SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE ~Of the King’s Prerogative](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sir-william-blackstone-of-the-kings-prerogative/) - IT was observed in a former chapter that one of the principal bulwarks of civil liberty, or (in other words) of the British constitution, was the limitation of the king’s prerogative by bounds so certain and notorious, that it is impossible he should ever exceed them, without the consent of the people, on the one - [REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE CONSTITUTION 1929](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/report-of-the-royal-commission-on-the-constitution-1929/) - Important Extracts from REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE CONSTITUTION Alteration of the Constitution. ' A distinction is to be drawn for some purposes, including that of alteration, between covering clauses 1-8, under which the Commonwealth was established and effect given, to the Constitution, and covering clause 9, which embodies in the Act the provisions of the Constitution. The - [The Void ab initio doctrine.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-void-ab-initio-doctrine/) - The void ab initio doctrine has its foundation in the case of Marbury v Madison (1803). Chief Justice Marshall wrote that: [A] legislative act contrary to the Constitution is not law; […] an act of the Legislature repugnant to the Constitution is void. […] If two laws conflict with each other, the Courts must decide on the operation - [Are the Precedents of Tribunals Binding?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-the-precedents-of-tribunals-binding/) - Precedent and res judicata: Tribunals are bound by case law handed down by the courts. No formal doctrine of precedent applies to decisions of tribunals, however, previous tribunal decisions may be persuasive. There is conflicting judicial and tribunal authority as to whether res judicata (cause of action estoppel) and issue estoppel apply to a decision of a tribunal. - [Overview of the World System of Bondage and Separation From Life](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/overview-of-the-world-system-of-bondage-and-separation-from-life/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/236831285-Overview-of-the-World-System-of-Bondage-and-Separation-From-Life.pdf"] - [Commonwealth Powers (Family Law - Children) Act 1986](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/commonwealth-powers-family-law-children-act-1986/) - It appears the following Act is beyond the power of the Victorian Parliament. WHY? On the subject of family law matters the Federal Court lacks the jurisdiction to administer various powers in respect of family law. The Constitutional Commission Reports of 1988 provide 43 Bills to change the Constitution. Bill No.25 provides a request to - [THE DEMILITARISED ZONE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-demilitarised-zone/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/1.1-Authorised-DMZ-Proclamation-Copy.pdf" title="1.1 Authorised DMZ Proclamation - Copy"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CCA-01-Order-Published.pdf" title="CCA-01 Order Published"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Notice-of-Party-Served-Blank.pdf" title="Notice of Party Served - Blank"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Press-Release-NDA.pdf" title="Press Release NDA"] - [GEORGE S. KNOWLES ANNOTATED CONSTITUTION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/george-s-knowles-annotated-constitution/) - SIR GEORGE SHAW KNOWLES CBE 1882–1947 George Shaw Knowles was born on 14 March 1882 in Toowong, Brisbane, second eldest of the four children of English-born postmaster George Hopley Knowles and Mary Maria, née Cocks. He attended Warwick West Boys' School, then Toowoomba Grammar School as a day student on scholarships from 1894. Appointed as - [SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE ~ Of The Parliament](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sir-william-blackstone-of-the-parliament/) - WE are next to treat of the rights and duties of persons, as they are members of society, and stand in various relations to each other. These relations are either public or private: and we will first consider those that are public. THE most universal public relation, by which men are connected together, is that - [1969 Vienna Convention ~ Article 51 ~ COERCION OF A REPRESENTATIVE OF A STATE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/1969-vienna-convention-article-51-coercion-of-a-representative-of-a-state/) - Are representatives of Australia being coerced into signing the World Health Organisations Pandemic Treaty? Among the defects that have classically been recognised as destroying free will, violence or coercion occupy – next to error – a prominent place. “A treaty is valid if there be no defect in the manner in which it - [BENCH BOOK ~ Victorian Sentencing Manual 4th Edition](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/bench-book-victorian-sentencing-manual-4th-edition/) - A 585 page easy-to-understand guide explaining how the legal system works in Victoria [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/VICTORIAN-BENCH-BOOK.pdf" title="VICTORIAN BENCH BOOK"] - [Former insurance employee gets damages in religious beliefs vaccine case](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/former-insurance-employee-gets-damages-in-religious-beliefs-vaccine-case/) - Former BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee (BCBST) employee Tanja Benton has been awarded over $680,000 by a Tennessee federal jury following a verdict that the insurer failed to offer reasonable accommodation for her religious beliefs. The jury concluded that BCBST “did not prove by a preponderance of the evidence either that it had offered a reasonable - [The Matrix as it is ~ Naked Scanners.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-matrix-as-it-is-naked-scanners/) - Members of the public are being intruded upon in their everyday travels around the Commonwealth. Below are the laws surrounding airport screening and what is and is not required of a traveller. AVIATION TRANSPORT SECURITY REGULATIONS [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/The-Matrix-Naked-Scanners.pdf" title="The Matrix - Naked Scanners"] - [The Bar.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-bar/) - Although they vehemently deny it, all Bar Associations in the U.S. , such as the American Bar Association, the Florida Bar, or California Bar Association, are franchises to the Crown. The Inns of Court (see below, The Four Inns of Court) to the Crown Temple use the Banking and Judicial system of the City of - [Who Drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-drafted-of-the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights/) - Drafting Committee - Members Establishment of the Committee In February 1947, in accordance with a decision from the first session of the Commission on Human Rights (E/259), a group consisting of Eleanor Roosevelt, Pen-Chun Chang and Charles Malik, began drafting the International Bill of Human Rights. With assistance of the UN Secretariat, the task of formulating a preliminary draft - [SOUTH AUSTRALIAN COLONIZATION ACT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/south-australian-colonization-act/) - [Is the Corporations Act 2001 Valid Legislation?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-corporations-act-2001-valid-legislation/) - Some say the Corporations Act 2001 is an invalid Act, many anomalies surround this controversial Act used to bankrupt, and wind up small and big businesses alike. This page is one in a series where we will explore the validity of the Act so you the reader can scrutinise all the facts surrounding the Act - [COVID-19 vaccination policy interferes with fundamental right to refuse medical treatment.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-vaccination-policy-interferes-with-fundamental-right-to-refuse-medical-treatment/) - A California lawsuit targeting Los Angeles schools imposed a vaccine mandate on its workers. The Ninth Circuit disagreed with the lower courts ruling not to proceed, ruling 2-1 that the workers could move forward with the case. The court recognized the plaintiffs "plausibly alleged" that the vaccine for COVID-19 "does not effectively ‘prevent the spread'" - [Freedom of Speech.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-speech/) - Justice Julian Knowles 14 February 2020 full judgement in the case of Miller vs College of Policing and Chief Constable of Humberside “Free speech includes not only the inoffensive but the irritating, the contentious, the eccentric, the heretical, the unwelcome and the provocative … Freedom only to speak inoffensively is not worth having ... - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 30](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-30/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol30.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol30"] - [The Secret Covenant.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-secret-covenant/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/The-Secret-Covenant-HP.pdf"] - [Extra Territorial State Laws and the Australia Acts.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/extra-territorial-state-laws-and-the-australia-acts/) - [ASIC brings first action against a director for failing to have a director identification number](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/asic-brings-first-action-against-a-director-for-failing-to-have-a-director-identification-number/) - On the 30th of April charges were withdrawn by ASIC with respect of the first ever action against a Director for failing to obtain a Director I.D. The mainstream media waited with baited breath for the outcome of this case but now remain silent about the withdrawal by ASIC and non-publication order granted by the - [Nick Patterson, will all charges be withdrawn by Victoria Police?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nick-patterson-will-all-charges-be-withdrawn-by-victoria-police/) - Today Victoria Police look to drop all charges against Nicolas Patterson and Adam Roob after a scathing response by Judge Gaynor in the County Court of Victoria in regarding the video footage police provided where Judge Gaynor described police action against Patterson and his friends as unwarranted violence. judge Gaynor went on to proclaim police - [Genocide in Gaza](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/genocide-in-gaza/) - The University Network for Human Rights released and sent to United Nations offices a 105-page report that it called “the most thorough legal analysis” yet to find “Israel is committing genocide” against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. The network partnered with the International Human Rights Clinic at Boston University School of Law, the International Human - [The role of Justices of the Peace.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-role-of-justices-of-the-peace/) - The role of a Justice of the Peace has changed significantly over time within Australia, from sitting in judgement in the inferior courts of the State to the witnessing of documents the history of JPs is presented in the document below and covers the States and Territories of the Commonwealth. 88 pages. [pdf-embedder - [What is a Person?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/what-is-a-person/) - [PERSONA DESIGNATA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/persona-designata/) - Doctrine of persona designata, permitting judges to exercise non-judicial functions as individuals, has been subjected to vigorous criticism - whether the "incompatibility" exception to persona designata, resorted to by the High Court, is successful in curing the problems inherent within persona designata. The persona designata doctrine is a doctrine in law, particularly in Canadian and Australian - [Lodge an objection to a Notice of Valuation in NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/lodge-an-objection-to-a-notice-of-valuation-in-nsw/) - Reasons to lodge an objection You may object if: you believe your land value is too high or too low the area, dimensions or description of the land are incorrect the valuations are incorrectly apportioned we should have valued the land separately we should have valued the land with other land concessions or allowances are - [Local Government Queensland and the New World Order](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/local-government-queensland-and-the-new-world-order/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016_Annual_Conference_Program.pdf"] - [Queen & Crown ~ A Summary of the First & Final Constitutional Commission Reports 1988](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queen-crown-summary-first-final-constitutional-commission-reports-1988/) - Queen & Crown: A summary of the Final Constitutional Commission Reports of 1988 commissioned by the Attorney Generals Office so as to overhaul the Commonwealth Constitution. The Commission made various recommendations which included 42 proposed Bills to alter and amend the Constitution to bring it up to date with the the changes bought about over - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 29](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-29/) - CONSOLIDATED TABLE OF CASES. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol29.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol29"] - [Victoria Police lose Supreme court case defence for reprimanding police officers who refused the COVID-19 vaccinations.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victoria-police-lose-supreme-court-case-defence-for-reprimanding-police-officers-who-refused-the-covid-19-vaccinations/) - The mainstream media are silent to the fact Victoria Police have failed to defend a claim against them by an employee who refused to take the life shortening COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccination that has maimed and killed countless people was the subject of the case of Simon Peter Shearer who was successful in beating charges - [SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE ~ Of The King, and His Title.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sir-william-blackstone-of-the-king-and-his-title/) - THE supreme executive power of these kingdoms is vested by our laws in a single person, the king or queen: for it matters not to which sex the crown descends; but the person entitled to it, whether male or female, is immediately invested with all the ensigns, rights, and prerogatives of sovereign power; as is - [THE MATTER, FORM & POWER OF A COMMONWEALTH](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-matter-form-power-of-a-commonwealth/) - One of the major works of English political philosophy, Hobbes’ Leviathan was written during the English Revolution. It deals with the nature of sovereignty, how stable political power might be created, how wars might be avoided, and what is the proper relationship between a sovereign authority and the individual. 728 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/The-English-Works-vol.-III-Leviathan.pdf" title=",The - [Big four banks destroy 1.6 million paper land titles in push to digital versions](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/big-four-banks-destroy-1-6-million-paper-land-titles-in-push-to-digital-versions/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/BFB-Big-Four-Banks-Destroy-Land-Titles.pdf" title="BFB Big Four Banks Destroy Land Titles"] - [THE HIGH COURT’S DECISION IN BURNS V CORBETT: CONSEQUENCES, AND WAYS FORWARD, FOR STATE TRIBUNALS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-high-courts-decision-in-burns-v-corbett-consequences-and-ways-forward-for-state-tribunals/) - The High Court decided in Burns V Corbett a Tribunal could not act as a court exercising judicial capacity on constitutional matter or within the matters set out in section 75 & 76 of the Constitution. A State tribunal has no jurisdiction in matters between States, or between residents of different States, or between States - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 28](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-28/) - TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES. VALUERS AND APPRAISERS. WATER SUPPLY. WATERS AND WATERCOURSES. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. WILLS. WORK AND LABOUR. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol28.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol28"] - [REMOVAL OF JUDGES FROM OFFICE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/removal-of-judges-from-office/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/REMOVAL-OF-JUDGES-FROM-OFFICE.pdf" title="REMOVAL OF JUDGES FROM OFFICE"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/REMOVAL-OF-JUDGES.pdf" title="REMOVAL OF JUDGES"] - [How to lodge a land valuation objection in Queensland](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-to-lodge-a-land-valuation-objection-in-queensland/) - If you don't agree with your land valuation in Queensland (annual or maintenance valuation), you can lodge an objection. You must: provide evidence to show that the valuation is incorrect include all required information in accordance with the Land Valuation Act 2010 lodge your objection within 60 days of the date of issue of your valuation notice. - [DEFEND YOURSELF, Facing a Charge in Court.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/defend-yourself-facing-a-charge-in-court/) - This comprehensive guide to defending yourself in court is a must have to understand how to play the game within the Australian court system [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Defend_yourself_-_Facing_a_Charge_in_Court.pdf"] - [Boyer case highlights need for overhaul of Police officers' Employment Status](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/boyer-case-highlights-need-for-overhaul-of-police-officers-employment-status/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Boyer_case_highlights_need_for_overhaul-1.pdf" title="Boyer_case_highlights_need_for_overhaul"] State denies duty of care to injured police By Chris Vedelago July 5, 2014 The state government and Victoria Police are using an arcane legal technicality to block seriously injured police officers from suing the force for compensation, claiming they owe no duty of care to members hurt in the line of - [Are you about to lose your Driver Licence?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-you-about-to-lose-your-driver-licence/) - Although the below document is in relation to losing your license in Queensland it is one of the most comprehensive guides to attending court and applies in any State or Territory. This brochure will guide you through the steps of attending court, who's who in the court and even examples of how to speak to - [The Act of Democide](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-act-of-democide/) - Democide is a concept proposed by U.S. political scientist Rudolph Rummel to describe "the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed person by government agents acting in their authoritative capacity and pursuant to government policy or high command."According to Rummel, this definition covers a wide range of deaths, including forced labor and concentration camp victims; - [RIGHTS PROTECTION: THE BILL OF RIGHTS DEBATE AND RIGHTS PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA’S STATES & TERRITORIES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/rights-protection-the-bill-of-rights-debate-and-rights-protection-in-australias-states-territories/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/RIGHTS-PROTECTION-THE-BILL-OF-RIGHTS-DEBATE-AND-RIGHTS-PROTECTION-IN-AUSTRALIAS-STATES-TERRITORIES.pdf" title="RIGHTS PROTECTION- THE BILL OF RIGHTS DEBATE AND RIGHTS PROTECTION IN AUSTRALIA’S STATES & TERRITORIES"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 27](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-27-2/) - SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE. STATUTES. STOCK EXCHANGE. STREET AND AERIAL TRAFFIC. TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES. THEATRES AND OTHER PLACES OF ENTERTAINMENT. TIME. TORT. TRADE AND TRADE UNIONS. TRADE MARKS, TRADE NAMES, AND DESIGNS. TRAMWAYS AND LIGHT RAIL-WAYS, TRESPASS. TROVER AND DETINUE. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol27-1.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol27"] - [Central Bank Digital Currency Virtual Handbook Chapter-1](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/central-bank-digital-currency-virtual-handbook-chapter-1/) - The IMF’s Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Virtual Handbook is a reference guide for policymakers and experts at central banks and ministries of finance. It also serves as the basis for the IMF’s engagement with country authorities and other stakeholders. The CBDC Virtual Handbook aims to collect and share knowledge, lessons, empirical findings, and frameworks - [United States Influence on the Australian legal System](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/united-states-influence-on-australian-legal-system/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/US-Infuence-on-Australian-legal-System.pdf" title="US Infuence on Australian legal System"] - [Parliamentary Oaths.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/parliamentary-oaths/) - Members of Parliament The Australian Constitution requires that those elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives swear or solemnly affirm their allegiance to the Crown. Senators and members are required to both ‘make and subscribe’ (sign) an oath or affirmation. The same oath and affirmation have been used since Federation and can only - [Submissions ~ How to help the Judge.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/submissions-how-to-help-the-judge/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Written-Submissions-Adamson-SC.pdf" title="Written Submissions - Adamson SC"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/How-to-help-the-judge.pdf"] - [A Brief History of Cestui Que Vie Trust](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-brief-history-of-cestui-que-vie-trust/) - A Brief History of Cestui Que Vie Trusts by Frank O'Collins. People call me a historian and I am flattered; the truth is that I am a perpetual student and not worthy to lick the boots of Frank O'Collins as a historian. Here, posted again thanks to foresight on the part of friends in Australia, - [Is Federation Our True Policy?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-federation-our-true-policy/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Is-Federation-Our-True-Policy.pdf" title="Is Federation Our True Policy?"] - [Cittta Hobart Pty Ltd & Anor v. Cawthorn H7/2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cittta-hobart-pty-ltd-anor-v-cawthorn-h7-2021/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Citta-Cawthorn_App.pdf"] - [Annulments of Local Court Convictions or Sentences](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/annulments-of-local-court-convictions-or-sentences/) - In New South Wales, the criminal law allows a conviction or sentence to be reconsidered in certain circumstances. The primary way this happens is through an appeal to a court. Apart from an appeal, a conviction or sentence may be reviewed in New South Wales under the procedures set out in the Crimes (Appeal and - [Gatsometer Operations Manual](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/gatsometer-operations-manual/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Victoria-Police-Mobile-Digital-Speed-Camera-Policy-Operations-Manual-Version-5_0-1.pdf" title="Victoria-Police-Mobile-Digital-Speed-Camera-Policy-Operations-Manual-Version-5_0"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/TCO_Gatso_T-Series_Mobile_Road_Safety_Camera_Policy_and_Operations_Manual_Apr23.pdf"][pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/GATSO-FOI.pdf" title="GATSO FOI"] - [Rights and liberties of individuals - Legislation Handbook Queensland](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/rights-and-liberties-of-individuals-legislation-handbook-queensland/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/7.2-Rights-and-liberties-of-individuals-Legislation-Handbook-Department-of-the-Premier-and-Cabinet.pdf" title="7.2 Rights and liberties of individuals - Legislation Handbook - Department of the Premier and Cabinet"] - [VICTORIAN CONSTITUTION 1854](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorian-constitution-1854/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CONSTITUTION-ACT-1854.pdf" title="CONSTITUTION ACT 1854"] - [Employment Status Of The Police In Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/employment-status-of-the-police-in-australia/) - JOSEPH CARABETTA[*] [A long-established rule of the common law is that police officers are not ‘employees’. This article examines the origins of this rule, and argues that it is without proper foundation and also lacks modern support. The implications of the rule, particularly from the perspective of state-appointed police officers in Australia, are also discussed. - [THE NATURE OF TORRENS INDEFEASIBILITY: UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITS OF PERSONAL EQUITIES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-nature-of-torrens-indefeasibility-understanding-the-limits-of-personal-equities/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/THE-NATURE-OF-TORRENS-INDEFEASIBILITY-UNDERSTANDING-THE-LIMITS-OF-PERSONAL-EQUITIES.pdf" title="THE NATURE OF TORRENS INDEFEASIBILITY- UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITS OF PERSONAL EQUITIES"] - [A Guide to Enforcement Review](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-guide-to-enforcement-review/) - The Director of Fines Victoria’s internal review oversight function set out in Part 3A of the Infringements Act 2006. Clear, concise, and accurate information should be provided to applicants at all stages of the internal review process. At the pre-review stage, fine recipients should be informed of their right to internal review. Enforcement agency websites - [CRANDALL v. STATE OF NEVADA.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/crandall-v-state-of-nevada/) - CRANDALL v. STATE OF NEVADA. Supreme Court 73 U.S. 35 18 L.Ed. 745 6 Wall. 35 CRANDALL v. STATE OF NEVADA. December Term, 1867 ERROR to the Supreme Court of Nevada. In 1865, the legislature of Nevada enacted that 'there shall be levied and collected a capitation tax of one dollar upon every person leaving - [BOUVIERS LAW DICTIONARY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/bouviers-law-dictionary/) - Bouviers Law Dictionary 1914, Third Edition. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/bouvierslawdicti01bouv.pdf"] - [Has there been legal transfer of the Prerogative power of Assent to the Queen of Australia? FOI-15-094](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-there-been-a-transfer-of-the-prerogative-power-of-assent-to-the-queen-of-australia/) - The author attempted to establish if the powers of assent found in section 58 of the Commonwealth Constitution had been officially delegated from the Queen in the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom to an alternate non statutory corporation sole known as the Queen of Australia. The Attorney Generals Department failed to supply the transfer of - [Submission to the Victorian Parliament Law Reform Committee ~ Inquiry into Warrant Powers and Procedures](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/submission-to-the-victorian-parliament-law-reform-committee-inquiry-into-warrant-powers-and-procedures/) - Although the State of Victoria is not a direct signatory to the international instruments to which Australia is a party, the obligations undertaken by the Commonwealth are nonetheless applicable to Victoria. Article 50 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), for example, provides that the ICCPR’s guarantees ‘extend to all parts of - [TORRENS SYSTEM](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/torrens-system/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/TORRENS-SYSTEM-1.pdf" title="TORRENS-SYSTEM"] - [Guidance for injuries caused by vaccine administration – COVID-19 Vaccine Claims Scheme](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/guidance-for-injuries-caused-by-vaccine-administration-covid-19-vaccine-claims-scheme/) - What the scheme covers The scheme covers losses or expenses of $1,000 and above due to administration of a TGA-approved COVID-19 vaccine, or due to an adverse event that is recognised to be caused by a COVID-19 vaccination. See Services Australia for more information about making a claim under the COVID-19 vaccine claims scheme, including: - [Sovereignty in the Australian Federation](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sovereignty-in-the-australian-federation/) - Delivering its judgment in 1920 in the apparently-notorious Engineers' Case, the High Court made the following statement: "For the proper construction of the Australian Constitution, it is essential to bear in mind two cardinal features of our political system which are interwoven in its texture and ... radically distinguish it from the American Constitution.... One - [Vaccination injury compensable: employment "a significant contributing cause" to pericarditis.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccination-injury-compensable-employment-a-significant-contributing-cause-to-pericarditis/) - A youth worker who developed pericarditis after his third COVID-19 vaccination will receive weekly compensation and medical expenses, having convinced the South Australian Employment Tribunal that his injury was work-related. The youth worker, Mr Shepherd, worked in a residential care setting for the Department for Child Protection. A "Major Emergency" concerning the pandemic had been - [THE TORRENS SYSTEM ~ Transfer of Land.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-torrens-system-transfer-of-land/) - EMBRACING THE LATEST DECISIONS BOTH IN ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA AND CANADA TOGETHER WITH A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLES OF THE SYSTEM; THE FORMS, METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION, AND COPIOUS INDEX. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/THE-TORRENS-SYSTEM-CANADA.pdf" title="THE TORRENS SYSTEM CANADA"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 25](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-25-2/) - ROYAL FORCES. SALE OF GOODS. SALE OF LAND. SET-OFF AND COUNTERCLAIM. SETTLEMENTS. SEWERS AND DRAINS. SHERIFFS AND BAILIFFS. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol25-1.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol25"] - [South Australia Police MOBILE SAFETY CAMERA OPERATING PRACTICES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/south-australia-police-mobile-safety-camera-operating-practices/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/MOBILE-SAFETY-CAMERApolice-south-australia-document.pdf" title="MOBILE SAFETY CAMERApolice-south-australia-document"] - [Biosecurity (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/biosecurity-human-coronavirus-with-pandemic-potential-amendment-no-1-determination-2021/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/F2021L01068ES.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/F2021L01068.pdf"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. - [MOBILE PHONE AND SEATBELT CAMERA LOCATIONS VICTORIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mobile-phone-and-seatbelt-camera-locations-victoria-january-2024/) - Download the mobile phone and seat belt camera locations in Victoria by clicking the link below. DDS_camera_locations_Jan-2024 - [MOBILE CAMERA LOCATIONS VICTORIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mobile-camera-locations-victoria/) - Download the mobile camera locations in Victoria by clicking the link below. Mobile-Camera-Locations-January-2024 - [ACTIONS AGAINST POLICE FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/actions-against-police-for-false-imprisonment/) - Trespass to the person Where an arrest is wrongful, you may have grounds to found an action against police for trespass to their person. Interference, however slight, with a person’s elementary civil right to security of his person and self - determination in relation to his own body, constitutes trespass of a person1. The - [LETTERS PATENT ADVICES GRANTING THE GOVERNOR GENERAL ACCESS TO THE TERRITORIES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letters-patent-advices-granting-the-governor-general-access-to-the-territories/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/LETTERS-PATENT-ADVICES.pdf" title="LETTERS PATENT ADVICES"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 26](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-26/) - SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION SMALL HOLDINGS SMALL DWELLINGS. SOLICITORS. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol26.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol26"] - [The Great Seal of England.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-great-seal-of-england/) - The Great Seal of England – also known as the Great Seal of the Realm – which has been used since the 11th century to signify the approval and authentication of state documents by the monarch. Originally made by pressing an engraved matrix into a wax and resin mixture, the Great Seal served as an - [Are Royal Commission's validly Commissioned under the Seal of the Commonwealth?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/federal-executive-handbook/) - If the Seal of the Commonwealth was defaced in 1973 how can a Royal Commission be sealed according to law? ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 16 Evidence of issue of Commission etc. (1) In all legal proceedings the production: (a) of a document purporting to be Letters Patent - [The Great Seal of Australia ~ FOI-2017-068.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-great-seal-of-australia-foi-2017-068/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI-2017-068-Decision-package.pdf" title="FOI-2017-068 - Decision package"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please click here to make a donation - [The Great Seal of Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-great-seal-of-australia/) - Delegata potestas non potest delegari is a principle in constitutional and administrative law that means in Latin that "no delegated powers can be further delegated." Alternatively, it can be stated delegatus non potest delegare ("one to whom power is delegated cannot himself further delegate that power") In Australia the maxim has been largely superseded by - [Documents relating to the New Great Seal of Australia and the Royal Style and Titles Act 1973](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/documents-relating-to-the-new-great-seal-of-australia-and-the-royal-style-and-titles-act-1973/) - In late 1973 there was a silent revolution within the Commonwealth. Without public awareness or consultation the power and authority of the Commonwealth was replaced. The Great Seal of the Commonwealth was defaced and replaced to be that of a new power known as the Queen of Australia. This statutory entity created by the labour government - [Queen Victoria & Her Letters Patent creating the Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Australia](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queen-victoria-her-letters-patent-creating-the-great-seal-of-the-commonwealth-of-australia/) - On 29 October 1900, Queen Victoria signed two constitutional documents: Letters Patent constituting the Office of Governor-General, and Instructions to the Governor‑General. Some commentators writing at the time thought that the Letters Patent and the Instructions were superfluous, or even of doubtful legality. However, between 1902 and 1920, King Edward VII and King George V - [Great Seal of the Commonwealth Replaced and Defaced.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-of-the-commonwealth-replaced-and-defaced/) - In 1953 the Great Seal of the Commonwealth under Queen Elizabeth II was issued, this seal was for use in the Commonwealth of Australia and its Territories appertaining to the Crown. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ROYAL-STYLE-TITLES-ACT-GAZETTE-1953-2.pdf" title="ROYAL STYLE & TITLES ACT GAZETTE 1953"] In 1973 the Great Seal of Australia under Queen Elizabeth the Second was issued, this - [Great Seal heist: Queen Victoria’s gift to Norfolk Islanders stolen, with rebellious motives suspected](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-heist-queen-victorias-gift-to-norfolk-islanders-stolen-with-rebellious-motives-suspected/) - When museum staff opened a supposedly secured container holding one of their most treasured items last Friday afternoon, they discovered the Great Seal of Norfolk Island had been stolen. The brazen theft of an artefact symbolising Norfolk Island’s identity may have sparked a locked-room mystery in the South Pacific, but it has also exposed the - [Freedom of Information ~ The Great Seal.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/freedom-of-information-the-great-seal/) - Is there an instrument that overrides, suspends or terminates the indissoluble Federal Commonwealth under the Crown of the United Kingdom as qualified by the second clause that binds the Crown and the fifth clause that binds the people? [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI21-164-FOI-Decision-Letter-with-Attachment.pdf" title="FOI21-164 FOI Decision Letter - with Attachment"] - [Great Seal of the Commonwealth 1945](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-of-the-commonwealth-1945/) - [GREAT SEAL OF KING GEORGE VI 1947 - 1954](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-of-king-george-vi-1947-1954/) - . The positive block of the Great Seal of the Commonwealth of Australia 1947-1954 George VI - [GREAT SEAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH 1954 -1973](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-of-the-commonwealth-1954-1973/) - [The Great Seal of Australia 1973.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-great-seal-of-australia-1973/) - [Great Seal & the Royal Arms](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/great-seal-the-royal-arms/) - [Ministerial oaths, 1st Commonwealth Ministry. Barton Ministry, 1 January 1901 to 24 September 1903.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ministerial-oaths-1st-commonwealth-ministry-barton-ministry-1-january-1901-to-24-september-1903/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/MINISTERIAL-OATHS-1ST.pdf" title="MINISTERIAL OATHS 1ST"] - [UK Council Tax debts now unenforceable!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/uk-council-tax-debts-now-unenforceable/) - Council Tax debts have now become unenforceable A new landmark ruling effectively prevents enforcement agents from seizing goods in connection with council tax and even entering anyone’s property https://youtu.be/Pfj5FAC4rKE The High Court has just handed all Council Tax defendants a potential £4000 Christmas bonus if they sue bailiffs for attempted enforcement which - [Cancellation of Paper Certificates of Title: 100% eConveyancing From 11 October 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cancellation-of-paper-certificates-of-title-100-econveyancing-from-11-october-2021/) - The Registrar General recently made two important announcements relating to certificates of title within Australia. On 11 October 2021, all certificates of title ('CTs') will be abolished, known as 'cessation day'; and From 11 October 2021, paper dealings will no longer be accepted for lodgment and only electronic dealings will be accepted. This means that - [THE 12 PRESUMPTIONS OF COURT](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-12-presumptions-of-court/) - [REGISTRATION OF TITLE TO LAND THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/registration-of-title-to-land-throughout-the-empire/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/TORRENS-TITLE-REGISTRATION-1.pdf" title="TORRENS TITLE REGISTRATION"] - [Covid 19 Royal Commission](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-royal-commission/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRRyV6G35bo Proposed Terms of Reference for a COVID-19 Royal Commission Dear Fellow Australians & Visitors from afar You, along with millions of other Australians, were subjected to life-changing events during the Covid era. You now have an opportunity to take a stand and demand accountability and justice by becoming a co-signatory on - [STALKER DUAL DSR Direction Sensing Moving Police Radar (Operator’s Manual)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/stalker-dual-dsr-direction-sensing-moving-police-radar-operators-manual/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Stalker-Dual-DSR-Direction-Sensing-Moving-Radar.pdf"] - [Spent Convictions.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/spent-convictions/) - Each State has a spent convictions scheme to render an offence older than 10 years of no effect. This can allow you to again travel overseas or start a job in a new industry as there is no requirement to disclose a spent conviction. Additionally it is an offence to discriminate against someone with a - [Covid 19 Class Action filed.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-class-action-filed/) - A class action against the Australian Government, the Department of Health and Aged Care Secretary Dr Brendan Murphy and the Deputy Secretary of Health Products Regulation Group Adjunct Professor John Skerrit (“the Respondents”) in the Federal Court of Australia on behalf of the Lead Applicant (“the Applicant”) and other Covid-19 vaccination injured parties (“Group Members”) - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 24](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-24/) - RATES AND RATING. REAL PROPERTY AND CHATTELS REAL RECEIVERS. REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS. RENTCHAHGES AND ANNUITIES. REVENUE. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol24.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol24"] - [Free Yourself From Legal Tyranny](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/free-yourself-from-legal-tyranny/) - Free Yourself From Legal Tyranny The UCC Connection: Free Yourself from Legal Tyranny September 22, 1991 This is a slightly condensed, casually paraphrased transcript of tapes of a seminar given in 1990 by Howard Freeman. It was prepared to make available the knowledge and experience of Mr. Freeman in his search for an accessible and - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 23](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-23/) - POWERS. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE. PRESS AND PRINTING. PRISONS. PRIZE LAW AND JURISDICTION. PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC OFFICERS. PUBLIC HEALTH AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION. RAILWAYS AND CANALS. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol23.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol23"] - [UCC INFLUENCES ON THE AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL LAW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ucc-influences-on-the-australian-commercial-law/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/UCC-INFLUENCES-ON_TSpace.pdf" title="UCC INFLUENCES ON_TSpace"] - [INTERPRETATION AMENDMENT (AUSTRALIA ACTS) ACT 1994](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/interpretation-amendment-australia-acts-act-1994/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Interpretation-Amendment-Australia-Acts-Act-1994-00-00-00.pdf" title="Interpretation Amendment (Australia Acts) Act 1994 - [00-00-00] - [LEGAL HISTORY OF PITCAIRN ISLAND, 1790-1900](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/legal-history-of-pitcairn-island-1790-1900/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/LEGAL-HISTORY-OF-PITCAIRN-ISLAND-1790-1900.pdf" title="LEGAL HISTORY OF PITCAIRN ISLAND, 1790-1900"] - [Can you avoid liability by Copyrighting your name?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-you-avoid-liability-by-copyrighting-your-name/) - To all of our members, please beware of scammers selling workshops promising exemption from the law if you copyright your name, the below case law & legislation invalidates the claim. 8 Copyright not to subsist except by virtue of this Act Subject to section 8A, copyright does not subsist otherwise than by - [The Right of Petition.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-right-of-petition/) - While the right to petition the Crown and Parliament dates back to Edward I, it was not until the last year of Richard II that Petitions were addressed to the House of Commons itself. The inherent right to petition the Parliament was confirmed by resolution of the House of Commons in 1669. This same right - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 22](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-22/) - PARTNERSHIP. PATENTS AND INVENTIONS. PAWNS AND PLEDGES. PEERAGES AND DIGNITIES. PERPETUITIES. PERSONAL PROPERTY. PLEADING. POLICE. POOR LAW. POST OFFICE. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol22.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol22"] - [CROWN REFERENCES AMENDMENT BILL 2023](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/crown-references-amendment-bill-2023/) - The new CROWN REFERENCES AMENDMENT BILL 2023 fails to make any provision for the Queens title to carry over to the new Monarch, King Charles III. Still to this day there is no title created for King Charles III to adopt for use in relation to Australia and its Territories nor its States. therefore the - [REGINA v SAFFRON](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/regina-v-saffron/) - [Attorney-General (WA) v Marquet [2003] HCA 67](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/attorney-general-wa-v-marquet-2003-hca-67/) - Justice Kirby made the following statements on the validity of the Australia Act 1986... 202. Section 6 of the Australia Acts: In the Full Court, the view was adopted that the only possible source for the binding effect of s 13 of the 1947 Act was s 6 of the Australia Acts[208]. Generally speaking, the applicants and the governmental interveners (other than the amici who - [KELLY v FIANDER](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/kelly-v-fiander/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023WASC187.pdf"] - [LAW AND BORDER – WHO HAS THE POWER TO CONTROL MOVEMENT ACROSS STATE BORDERS?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-and-border-who-has-the-power-to-control-movement-across-state-borders/) - The Constitution says that ‘intercourse among the States ... shall be absolutely free’. When the Commonwealth tried to stop Dulcie Johnson crossing state borders to see her fiancé one last time before he headed off to war in World War II, it failed. When Western Australia closed its border to Clive Palmer during the COVID - [10/11 - Dr. Mark Hobart v Medical Board of Australia, S EAPCI 2023 0036](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/10-11-dr-mark-hobart-v-medical-board-of-australia-s-eapci-2023-0036/) - . Live at 10am in The Supreme Court of Victoria... Please support Dr Mark in his efforts to protect Victorians against medical tyranny! . 10/11 - Mark Hobart v Medical Board of Australia, S EAPCI 2023 0036 (vimeo.com) . . . . - [INTERNATIONAL LAW HANDBOOK](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-law-handbook/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/INTERNATIONAL-LAW-HANDBOOK.pdf" title="INTERNATIONAL LAW HANDBOOK"] - [Fee Simple](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fee-simple-2/) - [SECURITIZATION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/securitization/) - Financial Fraud – Joining the Dots The financial industries, which includes all registered ADI’s and the States and Federal governments, (i.e., the financial mafia), principles are primarily collusion, fraud, and unashamedly taking advantage of the people of every State and of every part of the Commonwealth of Australia. Mortgage fraud is a sub-category of financial - [Pfizer confirms gene therapy while the Office of Gene Technology are still in denial](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-confirms-gene-therapy-while-the-office-of-gene-technology-are-still-in-denial/) - https://youtube.com/watch?v=rDC76_LUfaw&si=g1btHR4e7deJUbLg Senator Rennick ~ Last week I questioned the Australian Office of Gene Regulator as to why they never tested the vaccine for genotoxicity given Pfizer admit it’s a gene therapy. It’s going over old ground but if you keep pressing these people they will eventually contradict themselves which is what happened. It’s worth - [THE "PRINCIPLES, AIMS AND HOPES" OF TITLE BY REGISTRATION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-principles-aims-and-hopes-of-title-by-registration/) - Introduction The system of title by registration in operation in Australian jurisdictions is the Torrens system, conceived and introduced first into South Australia by Sir Robert Richard Torrens. From there it has spread to all of the States and Territories of Australia and to many other jurisdictions: for example, New Zealand; Western Canada; the Maritime - [Māori Government prosecutes four high-ranking New Zealand officials for committing crimes in response to the covid pandemic](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/maori-government-prosecutes-four-high-ranking-new-zealand-officials-for-committing-crimes-in-response-to-the-covid-pandemic/) - The Māori Government has sentenced Christopher Hipkins, Andrew Little, Ashley Bloomfield and Christopher James to 10 years in prison for committing crimes in response to the covid pandemic. The court also sentenced 118 Members of Parliament to prison for supporting and facilitating the four criminals’ actions. After hearing all the evidence, the Māori Government issued - [The Plan to take our Land & Country.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-plan-to-take-our-land-country/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/One-voice_Download-PDF-flyer.pdf" title="One voice_Download PDF flyer"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Untitled-6_compressed-2.pdf" title="Untitled-6_compressed (2)"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Artboard-1@3x.pdf" title="Artboard 1@3x"] - [SPENT CONVICTIONS ACT 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/spent-convictions-act-2021/) - Concerned about prior convictions in Victoria? SPENT CONVICTIONS ACT 2021 - SECT 7 Convictions spent with immediate effect (1) Subject to subsection (2), a conviction for an offence against a law of Victoria or a foreign law by a natural person becomes spent on the day on which the person - [Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023—guidance note](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill-2023-guidance-note/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill-2023-guidance-note-june2023_1.pdf"] - [Vaccination by Air — The Latest mRNA Delivered Into Lungs](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccination-by-air-the-latest-mrna-delivered-into-lungs/) - Yale University researchers have developed a new airborne method for delivering mRNA right to your lungs. The team has also used the method to vaccinate mice intranasally, opening the door for human testing in the near future. While scientists are hailing the creation as an easy way to vaccinate the masses, critics wonder if the development - [TWO HUNDRED YEARS LATER ... Report by the Senate Standing Committee on Constitutional and Legal Affairs on the feasibility of a compact or 'Makarrata! between the Commonwealth and Aboriginal people](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/two-hundred-years-later-report-by-the-senate-standing-committee-on-constitutional-and-legal-affairs-on-the-feasibility-of-a-compact-or-makarrata-between-the-commonwealth-and-aboriginal-people/) - In 1983 a report known as the Constitutional and Legal Affairs on the feasibility of a compact or 'Makarrata! between the Commonwealth and Aboriginal people was presented to Parliament by the Chairman of the Standing Committee on Constitutional and Legal Affairs (Senator Tate) , it is imperative every Australian read the report to be well - [The Voice Referendum Writ.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-voice-referendum-writ/) - [Man awarded $300,000 after suing judge over ‘fundamental errors’ in botched Property Settlement.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/man-awarded-300000-after-suing-judge-over-fundamental-errors-in-botched-property-settlement/) - A man whose identity has been suppressed was jailed during a property dispute with his ex-wife has successfully sued Federal Court judge who made what the court called “serious and fundamental errors” before falsely sending him to jail. The federal court ruled on Wednesday that inferior court judge Salvatore Vasta made a series of errors - [Landmark High Court ruling ~ Victoria's electric car road tax UNCONSTITUTIONAL!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/landmark-high-court-ruling-victorias-electric-car-road-tax-unconstitutional/) - As one of the biggest constitutional challenges in 25 years, the High Court has ruled Victoria's road charge for electric vehicles is unconstitutional under Australian law. The judgement handed down today by the High Court ruled that Victoria's per kilometre charge on Zero and Low Emissions Vehicles (ZLEV) was a tax on the use of - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 21](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-21/) - VOLUME XXI. MISTAKE. MONEY AND MONEY-LENDING. MORTGAGE. NAME AND ARMS, CHANGE OF. NEGLIGENCE. NOTARIES. NUISANCE. OPEN SPACES AND RECREATION GROUNDS. PARLIAMENT. PARTITION. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol21.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol21"] - [Grants in Fee Simple Act (No 88 of 40 and 41 Vic, 1877)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/grants-in-fee-simple-act-no-88-of-40-and-41-vic-1877/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/gifsa88o40a41v1877289.pdf"] - [A brief history of Personal Income Tax.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-brief-history-of-personal-income-tax/) - When, how and why did Commonwealth Personal Income Tax become compulsory? As a result of the war Personal income tax was transferred from the State to the Commonwealth and when the war ended became the status quo. The introduction of the federal income tax in 1915, was used to fund Australia’s war effort. Between the - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 20](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-20/) - MARKETS AND FAIRS. MASTER AND SERVANT. MAYOR'S COURT, LONDON. MEDICINE AND PHARMACY. METROPOLIS. MINES, MINERALS, AND QUARRIES. MISREPRESENTATION AND FRAUD. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol20.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol20"] - [Digital I.D. Submissions close October 10th](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/digital-i-d-submissions-close-october-10th/) - On 19 September 2023 the government released an exposure draft of a Digital ID Bill alongside draft Digital ID Rules and Digital ID Accreditation Rules, and a range of fact sheets, explanatory documents and consultation questions. This material was released onto the digitalidentity.gov.au website via a consultation webpage, which is accepting input in 3 separate - [The Voice of Far North Queensland.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-voice-of-far-north-queensland/) - https://youtu.be/4994Aaif3nU - [Writ for The Voice 2023 Referendum](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/writ-for-the-voice-2023-referendum/) - . . REFERENDUM (MACHINERY PROVISIONS) ACT 1984 - SECT 7 Writ for a referendum Whenever a proposed law for the alteration of the Constitution is to be submitted to the electors, the Governor-General may issue a writ for the submission of the proposed law to the electors. . REFERENDUM (MACHINERY PROVISIONS) ACT - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 19](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-19/) - LIEN. LIMITATION OF ACTIONS. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. LOAN SOCIETIES. LOCAL GOVERNMENT. LUNATICS AND PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND. MAGISTRATES. MALICIOUS PROSECUTION AND PROCEDURE. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol19.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol19"] - [Court and Fee Waiver Guide](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/court-and-fee-waiver-guide/) - In South Australia the court, usually a Master, will assess your application, and may either provide direction to the Registrar as to how to proceed, or the court may assume control of the application and make the decision. Criteria for waiver or reduction of fees ~ The Registrar can waive, reduce, refund or defer the - ['No justification' for state to skirt trespass payout](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/no-justification-for-state-to-skirt-trespass-payout/) - The NSW government has failed in its bid to get out of paying a woman more than $18,000 after police trespassed on her property. Northern Rivers property owner Sanchia Romani won proceedings against NSW Police earlier this year after two officers climbed a locked gate into her land in August 2021. Police had received information - [QANTAS AIRWAYS LIMITED & ANOR v TRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AUSTRALIA [2023] HCA 27](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/qantas-airways-limited-anor-v-transport-workers-union-of-australia-2023-hca-27/) - The High Court of Australia has found Qantas illegally sacked 1600 workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The High Court upheld two rulings made by the Federal Court, which found the outsourcing of baggage handlers, cleaners and ground staff was unlawful under section 340 of the Fair Work Act. Anyone who took “adverse action against another person for - [Leaving the GST System.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/leaving-the-gst-system/) - This guide explains what you must do if you close, sell or change the structure of your business [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Leaving_the_GST_system.pdf"] Use this form to cancel a branch that has been established to account for goods and services tax (GST) and/or pay as you go (PAYG) withholding. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/httpsiorder.com_.aupublicationDownload.aspxProdID15299-06.2021.pdf" title="https:iorder.com.au:publication:Download.aspx?ProdID=15299-06.2021"] - [Dr William Bay Writ.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/dr-william-bay-writ/) - The writ filed by Dr William Bay has been rejected by the High Court of Australia, there was no ruling from the court on the constitutionality of the referendum. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Dr-Willam-Bay-v-Cth-form-12-application-002-Jagot.J-transferred-this-Application-to-the-High-court-to-be-heard-on-14-10-2023.pdf" title="Dr Willam Bay v Cth form 12 application (002) Jagot.J transferred this Application to the High court to be heard on 14-10-2023"] - [The Crown, The Constitution, Property Law & The Voice.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-crown-the-constitution-property-law-the-voice/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=am7A35VwxhM - [Jaw-Dropping Discovery: CDC Data Reveals COVID Vaccine Could Shave Off 24 Years from Men’s Lives!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/jaw-dropping-discovery-cdc-data-reveals-covid-vaccine-could-shave-off-24-years-from-mens-lives/) - The long-term consequences of Covid-19 vaccination are now being realised… A year ago, doubly vaccinated Australians were 10.72x more likely to catch Omicron than the unvaxxed. Now they are 20x more likely and the triply or more vaxxed are 35x more likely, as the latest NSW Health stats show (see below). Meanwhile, the latest Cleveland - [HOW THE COMMONWEALTH MAY ANNEX NORFOLK ISLAND](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/how-the-commonwealth-may-annex-norfolk-island/) - Robert Garren, one of the framers of the Constitution provided the following legal advice to the Prime Minister in 1905 in respect of the annexation of Norfolk Island. The Island could apparently be made a territory under the control of the Commonwealth by the joint operation of an Imperial Order in Council and a Commonwealth - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 18](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-18/) - INTOXICATING LIQUORS. JUDGMENTS AND ORDERS. JURIES. LAND IMPROVEMENT. LAND TAX. LANDLORD AND TENANT. LIBEL AND SLANDER. 1044 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol18.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol18"] - [Parliamentary Research Brief – Voice Referendum Question May be Constitutionally Invalid For Misleading And Misinforming Voters](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/parliamentary-research-brief-voice-referendum-question-may-be-constitutionally-invalid-for-misleading-and-misinforming-voters/) - The Institute of Public Affairs recently received legal advice from leading Victorian barrister and constitutional law expert Mr Stuart Wood KC about the lawfulness of the proposed referendum question to insert into the Australian Constitution an ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice’. The federal government has proposed the following referendum question for voters to answer: - [Darryl & Darren on Crrow777...](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/darryl-darren-on-crrow777/) - 221- FENDING OFF MIGHT WITH OLD WORDS AND HIGHER IDEALS Date: May 21, 2020 Each of us is bequeathed rights and the Divine Spark at birth. This gift is given us from on high – above the jurisdiction of men and corporation. Down here in the realm of men and corporation, documents were drafted to - [THE INTERPRETERS OF THE CONSTITUTION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-interpreters-of-the-constitution/) - Page 791 Annotated Constitution of the Commonwealth. THE INTERPRETERS OF THE CONSTITUTION.—The Constitution, like every other law, is directly binding on every individual and every governmental agency within the Commonwealth. Every person, every officer, every political organ, has the duty of complying with its provisions and must in the exercise of that duty interpret its provisions, in the - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 17](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-17/) - VOLUME XVII. INDUSTRIAL, PROVIDENT, AND SIMILAR SOCIETIES. INFANTS AND CHILDREN. INHABITED HOUSE DUTY. INJUNCTION. INNS AND INNKEEPERS. INSURANCE. INTERPLEADER. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol17.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol17"] - [Has the Prime Minister read the details of the Voice?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/has-the-prime-minister-read-the-details-of-the-voice/) - The Shadow Indigenous Minister Jacinta Price has proclaimed the following after discovering the Prime Minister has failed to read the 26 page Uluru Statement from the Heart. - [Norf'k Ailen Government Official Media Release.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/norfk-ailen-government-official-media-release/) - Breaking News this week from the shores of Norfolk Island. Constitution Watch has spoken to the newly formed Norf'k Ailen Government, a reformation of the original government structure of 1856 where upon the original people of Pitcairn Island came to the shores of Norfolk by invitation of the then Monarch Queen Victoria. In recent years - [Victoria’s FOI laws slammed as ‘worst’ in the country](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victorias-foi-laws-slammed-as-worst-in-the-country/) - [Receiving the Final Report of the Referendum Council: a challenge for public law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/receiving-the-final-report-of-the-referendum-council-a-challenge-for-public-law/) - Anna Yeatman Professor, Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University Introduction This submission is a slightly changed version of a presentation to “Taking a rightful place in our own country”: Indigenous self-determination and the Australian people, a collaboration between the Whitlam Institute within Western Sydney University and Nura Gili, University of New South Wales, - [W.A. Equal Justice Bench Book.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/w-a-equal-justice-bench-book/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Equal_Justice_Bench_Book.pdf"] - [Law of Lis Pendens](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/law-of-lis-pendens/) - Lis pendens is literally translated from Latin as "suit pending." This condition can adversely affect the sale price or the possibility of a sale since any pending litigations are typically unfavorable for the owner. The term is commonly abbreviated "lis pend." Lis pendens provides constructive notice, or a warning, to prospective homebuyers that the ownership of - [ULURU STATEMENT FROM THE HEART](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/uluru-statement-of-the-heart/) - Anthony Albanese has been exposed with the release a of Freedom of Information document exposing the 1 page statement in whole is actually 26 pages. Below is the 1 page statement, which being drastically different to the entire statement at bottom discovered by FOI. The deception of the Albanese government slowly begins to unfold to - [Austrian leader hopes to enshrine use of cash in constitution](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/austrian-leader-hopes-to-enshrine-use-of-cash-in-constitution/) - Austria’s leader is proposing to enshrine in the country’s constitution a right to use cash, which remains more popular in the Alpine nation than in many other places. Chancellor Karl Nehammer said in a statement on Friday that “more and more people are concerned that cash could be restricted as a means of payment in - [NSW Criminal Bench Book](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/nsw-criminal-bench-book/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/NSW-CRIMINAL-BENCH-BOOK.pdf" title="NSW CRIMINAL BENCH BOOK"] - [Is the Voice referendum in conflict with The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-voice-referendum-in-conflict-with-the-international-convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-racial-discrimination/) - Entry into force: 4 January 1969, in accordance with Article 19 RACIAL DISCRIMINATION ACT 1975 No. 52, 1975 - SCHEDULE The States Parties to this Convention, Considering that the Charter of the United Nations is based on the principles of the dignity and equality inherent in all human beings, and that all Member States have - [MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC AFFAIRS v TEOH](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/minister-for-immigration-and-ethnic-affairs-v-teoh/) - The case concerned the validity of a deportation order. Mr Teoh, a Malaysian citizen, entered Australia on a temporary entry permit and married an Australian citizen, who already had four children. Mr Teoh and his Australian wife had three more children. Mr Teoh applied for a permanent entry permit. During the period in which his - [The Kingston Report.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-kingston-report/) - July 5, 2023: We’ve all been struggling with how to stop this hostile medical takeover of our nation, our communities, and our children. Like many of you, I’m exhausted from listening to the barrage of defensive strategies and futile tactics that have enabled innocent adults and children to continue to become disabled, diseased, and sometimes - [THE VOICE, Yes or No?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-voice-yes-or-no/) - Statement of the proposed changes to be made to the Constitution The proposed law, being the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023, would change the Constitution by inserting the following text after Chapter VIII: Chapter IX—Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 129 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice In recognition - [5G The Full Update](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/5g-the-full-update/) - 2019 was the year that 5G began its advance, with telecoms companies racing to capitalise on the next generation network roll out. After a fiercely contested battle with rival providers, the claxon was officially fired on 30th May 2019 when EE switched on the UK’s very first 5G network, launching its service (1) in six cities. - [FORM 5A ~ Magistrates Court Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/form-5a-magistrates-court-victoria/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Form-5A-Complaint-PDF.pdf" title="Form 5A - Complaint PDF"] Download link Below. Form 5A - Complaint MAGISTRATES' COURT GENERAL CIVIL PROCEDURE RULES 2020 - REG 5.02 Form of complaint (1) Unless paragraph (2) applies, a complaint must be in Form 5A. (2) If a complaint is to be served - [Lancet Study on Covid Vaccine Autopsies Finds 74% Were Caused by Vaccine – Study is Removed Within 24 Hours](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/lancet-study-on-covid-vaccine-autopsies-finds-74-were-caused-by-vaccine-study-is-removed-within-24-hours/) - It is clear from the Lancet study on Covid Vaccine autopsies finds 74% of deaths were caused by vaccines. Soon after being released the study was no longer available for download. Below is a copy of the study which clearly indicates the vaccine was far from being a safe and effective vaccination. The question remains - [COUNCIL WATCH VICTORIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/council-watch-victoria/) - Local Councils across the nation are failing to engage the public in a meaningful way with respect to the Urban Design Framework also known as 20 minute cities. People across Australia have attempted to engage councils on this matter due to the fundamental changes it brings only to be snubbed and shut out by council. - [Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2021 Exempt activities W.A.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/aboriginal-cultural-heritage-act-2021-exempt-activities-w-a/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ach-exemptions-factsheet.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ACHA-FactSheet-1-Activity-Categories.pdf" title="ACHA FactSheet-1-Activity Categories"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ACH-Act-2021-Activity-tier-and-table.pdf"] - [Did the Peter Doherty Institute actually isolate and purify the SARS-CoV-2 virus by the Koch postulate?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/did-the-peter-doherty-institute-actually-isolate-and-purify-the-sars-cov-2-virus-by-the-koch-postulate/) - If they did then surely they could repeat it! [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/20230630-Mr-G.-H.-Schorel-Hlavka-O.W.B.-to-President-Dr-Micheal-Gannon.MDA-National.pdf" title="20230630-Mr G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B. to President Dr Micheal Gannon.MDA National"] - [Attorney General (Vict) v The Commonwealth (1945) HCA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/attorney-general-vict-v-the-commonwealth-1945-hca/) - It affects the contractual relation of chemist and customer, the mode and manner of prescribing medicines by doctors, the control and distribution of poisons and drugs, payments for medical services and the provision of medical services in isolated areas, and it provides for the fixing of prices for medicines. All these are matters which, unless - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 16](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-16/) - From Highways to Income Tax Volume 16 is packed full of great references. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol16-2.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol16"] - [Is this the True Reason behind the Voice?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-this-the-true-reason-behind-the-voice-2/) - From the Voice Referendum to the Labor parties agenda to abolish and change the Australian Flag the June 16th edition Waikerie & District News reveals all. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doKl7MUkRuM - [THE PATH TO INDEPENDENCE: AUSTRALIA’S CONSTITUTION AND HER BRITISH TIES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-path-to-independence-australias-constitution-and-her-british-ties/) - The Australian Constitution created the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. It was written ‘at a time of ambivalence about Australia’s place in the world, whether it was an independent country or a child of England. Whilst the framers were seeking greater independence from Britain, the Constitution, which itself formed part of an Act - [Is There a New Global One World Police Operating in Victoria?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-a-new-global-one-world-police-operating-in-victoria/) - Australian National Review September 10, 2020 Is There a New Global One World Police Operating in Victoria? By Staff Reporter It’s amazing what citizen journalists can find by digging a little deeper and it becomes obvious as to what’s happening in Victoria. Daniel Andrews has also sold out Victoria to the Strong Cities Network (SCN). - [SIGN THE PLEDGE: Australians should be one, together. Not two, divided.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sign-the-pledge-australians-should-be-one-together-not-two-divided/) - Advance Australia Fair. The name of our national anthem tells you a lot about our country. It tells you that Australians tackle our problems shoulder to shoulder, as equals. It shouldn’t matter who you are, it shouldn’t matter where you come from. And it certainly shouldn’t matter if your skin is black or white. In - [Health Dangers of 5G](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/health-dangers-of-5g/) - “Over the last decades, novel wireless communication technologies, such as mobile telephones, cellular networks and Wi-Fi, have been developed at unparalleled speed. The forthcoming rollout of 5G technology across the European Union is expected to bring new opportunities for citizens and businesses by enabling faster internet browsing, streaming and downloading, as well as by ensuring - [The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ~ Article 26 & 27.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-vienna-convention-on-the-law-of-treaties-article-26-27/) - Article 26 & 27 can be used to bind a court to a treaty the Commonwealth has entered into, a signatory to a treaty must perform the treaty in good faith and not invoke its internal laws as a justification for its failure to perform a treaty. PART III OBSERVANCE, APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION - [Robert French ~ ‘The Voice.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/robert-french-the-voice-a-step-forward-for-australian-nationhood/) - Ex-Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, Robert French provides a well balance overview of Executive power within the Commonwealth with respect to the Voice referendum. He explains in detail what powers a successful referendum would bring to the Australian landscape. I thank the Ngara Yura Committee of the Judicial Commission of New - [DICTIONARY OF CANON LAW 1919](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/dictionary-of-canon-law-1919/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Dictionary_of_canon_law_1919.pdf"] - [PETITION ~ Australia rejects amendments to the 75th WHA/WHO International Health Regulations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/petition-australia-rejects-amendments-to-the-75th-wha-who-international-health-regulations/) - Petition Reason We request that Parliament vote on whether to accept or reject the amendments to the International Health Regulations (2005) that were adopted by the 75th World Health Assembly on 27 May 2022. Every nation, including Australia, has the authority to reject these amendments under Article 61 of the IHR, but any such rejection must - [Charter case Collection.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/charter-case-collection/) - Since its 2006 enactment the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 has entered into the common law within Victoria. With over 150 references to Charter application within Victorian law this collection is a must for advancing Human Rights issues we continually see government agencies in breach of. From receiving a fair trial to - [Cracking the Code](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cracking-the-code/) - [Failure to Vote NSW Elections.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/failure-to-vote-nsw-elections/) - New South Wales Consolidated Acts ELECTORAL ACT 2017 - SECT 259 Penalty notices for offence of failing to vote (9) For the purposes of this section, it is a "sufficient reason" for the failure of an elector to vote at an election if the Electoral Commissioner is satisfied that the elector-- (a) was absent from New South Wales on election day, or (b) was - [An historical account of the rise and fall of Mandamus](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-historical-account-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-mandamus/) - A writ of mandamus is a prerogative writ which may be issued by the Supreme Court to command a decision- maker to perform a public duty imposed on him. A fourth means of impugning such decisions involves a review of the legal basis of the decision, including the failure to make a decision, by means of the - [The Story behind the Land Borders/Boundaries & Limits of the Australian States - A Legal and Historical Overview.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-story-behind-the-land-bordersboundaries-limits-of-the-australian-states-a-legal-and-historical-overview/) - Before federation, the colonial boundaries could be altered by the Queen in Council under the Colonial Boundaries Act 1895 (Imp) with the consent of the affected Colonial Parliaments. Since federation, s 123 of the Commonwealth Constitution provides the only constitutional avenue for an alteration in State limits. It provides as follows: The Parliament of the - [CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION REPORTS FREEDOM OF INFORMATION.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-commission-reports-freedom-of-information/) - Below we present for your scrutiny a Freedom of Information Response from the Attorney Generals Office of the Australian Government (Not of the Commonwealth?). The author wrote to confirm if there had been changes as recommended by the Constitutional Commission, Commissioned by the very same Attorney Generals Office, specifically Bill No 1, and Bill No. - [Ask your Representitive the true purpose of the Voice.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ask-your-representitive-the-true-purpose-of-the-voice/) - We encourage all Australians to ask their Federal members and Senators the following: . A question to members of the Federal Parliament: . Dear Sir/Madam . As my representative in the Federal Parliament I'm sure you are well aware section 51(xxvi) of the Commonwealth Constitution which currently provides "The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, - [THE OPERATION OF THE MAXIM *WHAT CANNOT BE DONE DIRECTLY CANNOT BE DONE INDIRECTLY* IN PUBLIC LAW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-operation-of-the-maxim-what-cannot-be-done-directly-cannot-be-done-indirectly-in-public-law/) - Vast problems of a legal nature are posed in the observance of limitations imposed on governmental powers, the solu­tion must be found in the working of judicial machinery - courts being the watchdog of constitutional provisions; no-one would deny the role played by courts in the growth and development of constitutionalism. The judicial practice involves - [Is this the real reason behind the Voice?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-this-the-real-reason-behind-the-voice/) - https://youtu.be/K9kfRd3kbxg The Aboriginal Land rights issue in Australia has always been a communist lead enterprise. Buzz words like "Self-Determination" are clearly originated in Marxist thought. Geoff McDonald is an ex-Communist who blows the whistle on the history behind the Aboriginal rights movement, and this extends through to the modern Constitutional Voice to Parliament - [NEW SOUTH WALES ~ Failure to Vote ~ Sufficient reasons to expiate.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-south-wales-failure-to-vote-sufficient-reasons-to-expiate/) - Many of our readers have contacted us regarding failure to vote penalty notices regarding Local Government Elections in New South Wales. Section 314 of the Local government Act 1993 provides sufficient reasons to expiate penalty notices for failure to vote. Being absent from the area on polling day, an honest belief based on religious duty - [Corporate Accused](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/corporate-accused/) - Has your company been issued a fine without the doctrine of identity being applied? A corporation is a legal person and is subject to the criminal law (see Salomon v Salomon [1897] AC 22; Interpretation of Legislation Act 1984 s38; Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) s4B; Acts Interpretation Act 1901(Cth)s22). A corporation cannot claim the privilege - [ASIC response on Ultimate Holding for all Company.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/asic-response-on-ultimate-holding-for-all-company/) - In 2022 the Australian Securities Investment Commission listed publicly available information the Australian Tax Office holds the registered name of the Ultimate Holding for All Company, along with other entities such as Blackrock Investments & Bank of America just to name a few. Since the release of this information on this site ASIC removed the detail of - [KRUMPHOLZ v. AUSTRIA ~ Challenging the Owner Onus Laws.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/krumpholz-v-austria-challenging-the-owner-onus-laws/) - In Krumpholz v Austria, the European Court of Human Rights held that deeming the owner of a vehicle to have committed a traffic offence (by virtue of their ownership of the vehicle) breaches the European Convention right to a fair hearing and presumption of innocence. Universal Human Rights are just that, they are universal meaning - [Halsbury's Laws of England Volume 15](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-15/) - This addition will interest hunters as it expresses the private rights to game. It additionally provides a section on 'Guarantee' which relates to contract. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol15.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol15"] - [Capitis Diminutio](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/capitis-diminutio/) - Blacks Law Dictionary • Revised 4th Edition 1968, provides a comprehensive definition as follows … Capitis Diminutio (meaning the diminishing of status through the use of capitalization) In Roman law. Adiminishing or abridgment of personality; a loss or curtailment of a man's status or aggregate of legal attributes and qualifications. Capitis Diminutio Minima (meaning a minimum loss of status through the - [Principles for a human rights-based approach to criminal law proscribing conduct associated with sex, reproduction, drug use, HIV, homelessness and poverty](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/principles-for-a-human-rights-based-approach-to-criminal-law-proscribing-conduct-associated-with-sex-reproduction-drug-use-hiv-homelessness-and-poverty/) - The unjustified criminalisation of individuals and sometimes entire communities, including already marginalised or disadvantaged groups, is increasingly impeding progress in advancing human rights in many areas, including: racial and gender equality; reproductive autonomy; disability; economic justice; civil liberties; sexual orientation; gender identity; education’ youth development; and public health. With this in mind, the Principles were - [The IMF Has Just Unveiled A New Global Currency Known As The “Universal Monetary Unit” That Is Supposed To Revolutionize The World Economy](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-imf-has-just-unveiled-a-new-global-currency-known-as-the-universal-monetary-unit-that-is-supposed-to-revolutionize-the-world-economy/) - A new global currency just launched, but 99 percent of the global population has no idea what just happened. The “Universal Monetary Unit”, also known as “Unicoin”, is an “international central bank digital currency” that has been designed to work in conjunction with all existing national currencies. This should set off alarm bells for all - [Is there currently a King of Australia?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-currently-a-king-of-australia/) - The author of the Freedom of Information Request made to the Prime Minister and Cabinets Office who administrate the Royal Style and Titles Act which creates a title for the monarch to adopt for use in relation to Australia and its Territories beyond the power of the Parliament of Australia was transferred to the Attorney - [The Final Secret: Exposing the Australian Prime Minister!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-final-secret-exposing-the-australian-prime-minister/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D87ifvfXhQ8 - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 14](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-14/) - Upon the death of a person all his property, whether property upon personal or real (with one exception) devolves upon his personal representative, that is to say, his executor or administrator. The exception referred to is that of land of copyhold tenure or customary freehold in any case in which an admittance or any act - [Where is the record of the recent visit of Bill Gates with Prime Minister Albanese?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/where-is-the-record-of-the-recent-visit-of-bill-gates-with-prime-minister-albanese/) - It appears from the FOI response below, the Prime Minister and Bill Gates failed to follow the parliaments protocol and standard operational procedures, by not ensuring Bill Gates was managed by the International Visits Branch and Bill Gates was not recorded in the Australian Governments Lobbyists Register, even when Bill Gates visited the PM's residence to informally - [Supreme Court orders IBAC to reconsider complaint of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment by Victoria Police](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/supreme-court-orders-ibac-to-reconsider-complaint-of-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-by-victoria-police/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/BARE-v-IBAC-HUMAN-RIGHTS.pdf" title="BARE v IBAC HUMAN RIGHTS"] - [Can you find the Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's Oath of Allegiance consistent with the parameters prescribed by the Constitution? “We cant?”](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-you-find-the-prime-minister-anthony-albanese-oath-of-allegiance-consistent-with-the-parameters-prescribed-by-the-constitution-we-cant/) - In July 2020, we wrote to Prime Minister Scott Morrison to discover if his oath was consistent with the Constitutional parameters in respect of the oath all Ministers must take. The inquiry under the Freedom of Information Act yielded no results, this is because the oath taken fails to be consistent with the parameters the - [Queensland Treasury Corporation Prospectus Supplement January 13, 2023](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queensland-treasury-corporation-prospectus-supplement-january-13-2023/) - Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) Registration No. 333-147600 PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT (To Prospectus dated December 10, 2009) US$10,000,000,000 Queensland Treasury Corporation (A corporation constituted under the laws of the State of Queensland) Medium-Term Notes, Series A Due from 9 Months to 30 Years from the Date of Issue Guaranteed By The Treasurer on behalf of The - [Case Law: Bennett-Hullin v Clarke 1943 ~ Does the term "Person" include "Natural Person?"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/case-law-does-the-term-person-include-natural-person/) - Verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem Latin: a principle of construction whereby if words of a contract are ambiguous, of two equally possible meanings, they should be interpreted against the author, drafter or writer of the contract and not against the other party. It is a general rule , that the words in a deed - [Distinction between a Superior Court and an Inferior Court concerning the Authority belonging to a Judicial Order that is made without Jurisdiction](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/distinction-between-a-superior-court-and-an-inferior-court-concerning-the-authority-belonging-to-a-judicial-order-that-is-made-without-jurisdiction/) - Confirmed by the Federal Court of Australia September 2022 - [International EMF Scientist Appeal calls for greater health protection](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-emf-scientist-appeal-calls-for-greater-health-protection/) - In May 2015, 190 scientists submitted the International EMF Scientist Appeal addressed to the top leaders at the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the UN Environment Program. The Appeal urgently calls for greater health protection in the midst of what has become an historic, global phenomenon -- the rapid expansion and proliferation of - [COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA ABN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/commonwealth-of-australia-abn/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ABNCurrentDetails_98724451651-4.pdf"] - [Senator Rennick is interviewed by Dr. John Campbell on the Pfizer Nonclinical Evaluation Report 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/senator-rennick-is-interviewed-by-dr-john-campbell-on-the-pfizer-nonclinical-evaluation-report-2021/) - https://youtu.be/S31acknEHZ8 58 page Report. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/foi-2389-06.pdf"] - [Enforcing the Privacy Act](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/enforcing-the-privacy-act/) - Own motion investigations The Privacy Commissioner’s powers to enforce compliance with the Privacy Act focuses on the Privacy Commissioner’s powers to commence, on the Commissioner’s own motion, an investigation into an act or practice that may be an interference with privacy. This own motion investigation power complements the Commissioner’s power under the Privacy Act to investigate - [ALGA National General Assembly: Emissions Targets, Partnerships, & Progress](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/alga-national-general-assembly-emissions-targets-partnerships-progress/) - There is an agenda being formulated at the grass roots level undertaken by Local Government Councils to create 20 minute neighbourhoods. Here is the state Governments plan. Plan Melbourne 2017–2050 is the Victorian Government’s long-term planning strategy, guiding the way the city will grow and change to 2050. Plan Melbourne is supported by the principle - [THE CONCEPT OF THE CROWN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-concept-of-the-crown/) - When most people think of the word ‘Crown’ they automatically think of a jewelled headpiece. However, in a constitutional sense, the word has a far deeper meaning in an Australian context for it embodies the authority and the functions of government confined by the restraints established by the Australian constitution. It was the decision of - [Is the Australian Business Registry and ASIC hiding something from the Australian Public?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-australian-business-registry-and-asic-hiding-something-from-the-australian-public/) - In a recent report here on Constitution Watch we showed publicly available information that the Australian Tax Office is a Trading name of the Ultimate Holding for All Company and the entities behind the Ultimate Holding for All Company is Blackrock Investments & Bank of America just to name a few. https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-are-the-australian-taxation-office/ As of March 7th 2023 - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 13](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-13/) - There is said to be an estoppel where a party is not allowed to say that a certain statement of fact is untrue, whether in reality it be true or not (a). Estoppel, or " conclusion "as it is frequently called by the older authorities, may therefore be defined as a dis- ability - [Are AHPRA encouraging Doctors to break informed consent laws?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-ahpra-encouraging-doctors-to-break-informed-consent-laws/) - The valid consent argument continues in the Commonwealth Senate, did you receive valid consent when receiving the covid vaccine or were you coerced into receiving it? Many Australians had undue pressure placed upon them to comply within their workplaces to which a medical practitioner administering a vaccine should stop... Were you given all the side - [We're Australian Doctors actually exempt from liability for Vaccine damage?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/were-australian-doctors-actually-exempt-from-liability-for-vaccine-damage/) - During the COVID-19 vaccine rollout the Australian public as well as medical practitioners were led to believe they were exempt from liability due to an established indemnity scheme. Recent correspondence from government advisers outlined that a medical indemnity scheme for health professionals administering the COVID-19 vaccines was never established, The High court’s decision of Rogers - [Magistrates Court Request For Adjournment.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/magistrates-court-request-for-adjournment/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Request-For-Adjournment-for-Self-Represented-Accused-Persons-Criminal-Jurisdiction_1.pdf" title="Request For Adjournment for Self-Represented Accused Persons (Criminal Jurisdiction)_1"] Request for adjournment word document . - [The Theft of your Superannuation.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-theft-of-your-superannuation/) - Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is surrounded by a bunch of leftist “clowns” whose agenda is to de-legitimise Australia by altering superannuation, Sky News host Rowan Dean says. Referring to the government’s proposed superannuation changes, Mr Dean said they are taking people’s money and pretending it is a “gift from the government”. “It is not their - [Wynyard councillor Andrea Courtney's call for whistleblower protection](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wynyard-councillor-andrea-courtneys-call-for-whistleblower-protection/) - A North-West councillor is crusading for better whistleblower protection, saying that the current systems are deterring public servants from coming forward. "You have to be prepared to lose your job," Waratah-Wynyard councillor Andrea Courtney said. "You need to be financially and emotionally prepared if you're going to report". A timely reminder Cr Courtney's raised the - [The Rape of the Mind.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-rape-of-the-mind/) - The Rape of the Mind - as recommended by Michael Yon - America’s most experienced combat correspondent. "Once you know how they’re going to trick you, you can alway be 10 steps ahead." In 1933 Meerloo began to study the methods by which systematic mental pressure brings people to abject submission, and by which - [COVID DEFENCES.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-defences/) - Case Law Precedent: Police v Nguyen [2021] VCC 78 In this case, the defendant was charged with failing to comply with a noticed direction under the Victorian Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008. The defendant argued that the direction was not clear and unambiguous and that there was no evidence that he had been properly - [South Australia: Code of Conduct for Council Employees.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/south-australia-code-of-conduct-for-council-employees/) - When dealing with Council the employees of the council must meet the requirements of their code of conduct. Failure to do so could be considered unconscionable conduct which is a Federal offence. 7 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Code-of-Conduct-for-Council-Employees-13-Februa.pdf"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 12](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-12/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol12.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol12"] - [Does your Council Rates Evaluation reflect the true Value of your Property?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/does-your-council-rates-evaluation-reflect-the-true-value-of-your-property/) - In most States of Australia rates are not valued of the actual true value of your property. In this post we will focus on South Australia. Rates are either valued by the Valuer General in accordance with the Valuation of Land Act 1971, or council employ or engage their own valuer. Property values are used - [Petition EN4670 - Royal Commission and AHRC Inquiry into Australia’s Covid-19 Response](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/petition-en4670-royal-commission-and-ahrc-inquiry-into-australias-covid-19-response/) - Petition ReasonThe significant impact on all Australians by the Covid-19 pandemic response, which has now been independently reviewed demonstrating the need for full inquiries. We express our overwhelming concern for the following: *From 2020 until present day, State and Federal Governments as well as many private companies have habitually breached inviolable, absolute non-derogable human rights - [WESTERN AUSTRALIAN POLICE COMPANY FILING](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/western-australian-police-company-filing/) - Western Australian Police Dunn & Bradstreet company filing. Western Australia Police have 1 employee across all of its locations and generates 1.13 billion in sales with382 companies within the Western Australia corporate family. You can download by using the link below and enlarge it by using the icon in the top right of the document. - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 11](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-11/) - The Nature of Discovery. The term Discovery" isused to describe certain processes by which a party to a civil cause or matter is enabled to obtain from the opposite party information in writing and on oath relating to the questions of fact in dispute between them for the purpose of preparing for the trial of - [The World Health Organisation is seeking greater power](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-world-health-organisation-is-seeking-greater-power/) - If there has been one consistent theme of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s that the “experts” have consistently been wrong. Initially, the WHO failed to scrutinise China’s role in the outbreak. One can only wonder why? Then, echoing the advice of the World Health Organisation, the experts were wrong about lockdowns, which dismantled economies and ended - [CODE OF CONDUCT South Australian Police.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/code-of-conduct-south-australian-police/) - South Australian Police Code of Conduct as found on page 7 within Part 5 of the Police Regulations 1999. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CODE-OF-CONDUCT-S.A..pdf" title="CODE OF CONDUCT S.A."] - [Beneficiary and Trustee Status in Court Cases](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/beneficiary-and-trustee-status-in-court-cases/) - Workshop Discussion: Narrator: ...okay thank you, yes I was, I was I got that far then when I started talking it looked like I was turned off... let me let me lay down a little bit of foundation because I have not been privileged to know where your group is at and I'm going to - [Australia the Concealed Colony.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-the-concealed-colony/) - A book exposing the goings on behind the scenes has been banned by the federal police....when you read it the penny might drop. This book exposes the whats really gone on in Australia and the crimes against the people of the Commonwealth. This book was stripped off the shelves by the federal police of Australia, - [Is this the new coming normal?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-this-the-new-coming-normal/) - The SPARS Scenario features an outbreak of the novel SPARS coronavirus first identified in a major US city in 2025. Over a 3-year period, the virus spreads to every US state and more than 40 countries, where case fatality rates vary depending on the capabilities of local health systems. In the United - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 10](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-10/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol10.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol10"] - [WHO Secret Meetings.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-secret-meetings/) - The International Health Regulations Review Committee (IHRRC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) is planning to meet in secret from Monday, January 9, 2023 to Friday January 13, 2023. The IHRRC will be working to finalize what is now a 46 page document that includes proposed amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR). The proposed - [Artesian Water Basin Issues and how to properly address it!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/artesian-water-basin-issues-and-how-to-properly-address-it/) - The Great Artesian Water Basin covers a quarter of this Continent we know as Australia. The Great Artesian Basin is a huge and ancient underground “water tank” big enough to fill Sydney Harbour 130,000 times and is the main water source of our food grown here in Australia. It also supports the ecosystem of this - [Vaccine crisis communication manual](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccine-crisis-communication-manual/) - This manual was developed to support countries in effectively responding to events which may erode the public’s trust in vaccines and the authorities that deliver them. In addition, a small section of this manual focuses on how to best prepare for a potential crisis and provides some insights into conducting post-crisis assessments. For the response - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 9](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-9-2/) - Sect. 2. The Jurisdiction of Courts. Sub-Sect. l.—In General. 12. All lawful jurisdiction is derived from and must be traced to the royal authority (pf). Any exercise of unauthorised jurisdiction is a usurpation of the royal prerogative, which is unwarranted by law and may be restrained by prohibition, which is, in short, a process for preventing inferior courts from intermeddling with or executing anything beyond their j urisdiction (^). In a prohibition for want of jurisdiction the only question is whether the court below has or has not jurisdiction, and immediately the superior court is satisfied that the inferior court has exceeded its jurisdiction, the writ must issue, whether the application be made by a party or by a stranger, and that no matter what stage the proceedings below have reached (h). [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol09-1.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol09"] - [Halsbury's Laws of England Volume 1.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-1/) - Volume 1 (1907) Action. Admiralty. Agency. Agriculture. Aliens. Allotments. Animals. Arbitration. Auction and auctioneers. Bailments. Bankers and banking. 944 pages, use toolbar at top to open. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol01.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol01"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 5](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-5/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol05.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol05"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 3](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-3/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol03.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol03"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 2](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-2/) - Volume 2 (1907) Bankruptcy and Insolvency, Barristers, Bastardy & Bills of Exchange. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol02.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol02"] - [144 Research Studies Affirm Natural Immunity to Covid-19.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/144-research-studies-affirm-natural-immunity-to-covid-19/) - Quotes ~ 2008 Nobel Prize winner in Medicine Dr. Luc Montagnier (also winner of the French National Order of Merit and 20 other major international awards): The vaccines don’t stop the virus, they do the opposite – they ‘feed the virus,’ and facilitate its development into stronger and more transmissible variants...You see it in each - [Is the new COVID at-home test dangerous?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-the-new-covid-at-home-test-dangerous/) - Is the new Covid-19 test dangerous? The test is self-administered, there is no doctor, nurse, or technician present. What could possibly go wrong, as millions of people perform the test on themselves? The document below references an undated FDA document titled, “BinaxNOWTM COVID-19 Antigen Self TEST.” The Binax test kit is manufactured by Abbott. Here - [Dead from the Vaccine? Don't worry the Government will compensate you!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/dead-from-the-vaccine-dont-worry-the-government-will-compensate-you/) - Dead from the Vaccine? Here in Australia the Government compels you to engage in the Vaccine rollout scheme and if you die they pay you! Past schemes where Australians have died from Government schemes include the Rudd Governments home insulation program where a Royal Commission laid blame solely on the Government scheme and only after - [COVID19 Vaccination of Children and Adolescents Futility Danger and Intergenerational Theft](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid19-vaccination-of-children-and-adolescents-futility-danger-and-intergenerational-theft/) - Daily we hear from Government, Universities and experts how safe Covid-19 vaccination is. But what's the word on the street? Minor adverse reactions all the way through to myocarditis and pericarditis. ATAGI say the benefits outweigh the risks, and even children 5 to 11 are soon to be approved for vaccination. This research document looks - [Hydroxychloroquine, what's in it and is it right for you?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/hydroxychloroquine-whats-in-it-and-is-it-right-for-you/) - Many people have sourced Hydroxychloroquine internationally, so what's in it and is it really safe? There are many factors to consider when taking the drug and we provide a list of the pro's and con's. So lets look at the ingredients and their classification pertaining to safety. Ingredients. • Lactose - [Gates, Fauci, and Daszak charged with Genocide in Court Filing](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/gates-fauci-and-daszak-charged-with-genocide-in-court-filing/) - In a stunning 46-page legal filing to the International Criminal Court on December 6, an intrepid attorney and seven applicants accused Anthony Fauci, Peter Daszak, Melinda Gates, William Gates III, and twelve others of numerous violations of the Nuremberg Code. These included various crimes against humanity and war crimes as defined by the Rome Statutes, - [Mask and Quarantine Mandate Control Measures UNCONSTITUTIONAL.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mask-and-quarantine-mandate-control-measures-unconstitutional/) - Missouri Attorney General Eric Schmitt has instructed local public health agencies and school districts to halt mask and quarantine mandates following a recent court order nullifying health officials’ ability to impose such orders. Last month, a Cole County judge said Missouri’s health department’s regulations — which allowed the state health director and local health agencies - [Australian Government makes admission Covid-19 causes Myocarditis.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-government-makes-admission-covid-19-causes-myocarditis/) - The Australian Government confirms COVID-19 vaccination causes Myocarditis by providing a new Medicare scheme for Myocarditis associated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. State Governments are about to force you the parent to vaccinate your child, an example is the Queensland State Government will compel, when and if you fail to do so, by use of the - [Face Coverings in Victoria.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/face-coverings-in-victoria/) - There are many reasons to wear and not to wear a face covering. The Guidance for the Pandemic (Movement and Gathering) Order 2021 (No. 1) provides ALL the situations and events where it is required and also the situations that exist where you are not required to wear a face covering. This is the latest - [Roadmap for Prosecuting COVID Crimes](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/roadmap-for-prosecuting-covid-crimes/) - Is COVID-19 a biological weapon, is there an avenue for prosecution for toxic Covid vaccines? The following document explores and provides perceived mechanisms to hold to account those that were aware of alleged dangers and health dilemmas for ignoring evidence contrary to the use and release of the Covid-19 vaccines. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/covid-prosecution-strategy-pdf.pdf"] - [‘Terrible mistake’ could send execs to jail over vaccine certificates](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/terrible-mistake-could-send-execs-to-jail-over-vaccine-certificates/) - Collecting COVID-19 vaccination certificates from customers or employees poses a serious legal and cyber security risk to businesses that exposes them to lawsuits, hefty fines and even executive jail sentences if the data isn’t handled properly, experts warn. The risk is so grave that businesses that have already stored images of government-issued vaccination certificates from employees or - [Official correspondence from The Prime Minister Scott Morrison](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/official-correspondence-from-the-prime-minister-scott-morrison/) - Official correspondence from The Prime Minister Scott Morrison to Lieutenant General John Frewen requesting he take up the position of Co-ordinator General of the National COVID-19 Taskforce. This correspondence bestows on the General control of all relevant assets and resources for the implementation of the National COVID vaccination program. 3 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/foi-2021-115.pdf"] - [The Fifth Circuit Court Issues a Stay of the Emergency Temporary Standard Requiring Mandatory Vaccines or Testing for All Employers "UPDATED"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-fifth-circuit-issues-a-stay-of-the-emergency-temporary-standard-requiring-mandatory-vaccines-or-testing-for-all-employers/) - On November 4, 2021, Occupational Health and Safety Administration (“OSHA”) issued its highly anticipated Emergency Temporary Standard (the “ETS” or the “Mandate”) requiring U.S. employers with 100 or more employees to either: (a) implement a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy for employees, or (b) adopt a policy allowing employees to choose between vaccination or weekly COVID-19 - [The Religion of Vaccine Science](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-religion-of-vaccine-science/) - 1. There is a 65% increased risk of non-flu respiratory illness in populations that get the flu vaccine. 2. The flu vaccine does not reduce demand on hospitals. 3. The flu vaccine does not prevent the spread of the flu. 4. The flu vaccine fails to prevent the flu about 65% of the time. 5. - [More than 10,000 Australians have filed coronavirus vaccine injury claims](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/more-than-10000-australians-have-filed-coronavirus-vaccine-injury-claims/) - Taxpayers are facing a hefty bill for rare but significant coronavirus vaccine injuries, with at least 10,000 people planning to claim under the federal government's no-fault indemnity scheme. Services Australia is building an online portal, to be launched next month, for uncapped claims above $5000 from those who suffered injury and loss of income due - [ATAGI ~ Covid-19 Recommended Booster Doses.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/atagi-covid-19-recommended-booster-doses/) - Small incremental steps, one vaccine, then announce the second. Once the second has been complied too, then introduce the booster shots. In socialist politics and within the socialist movement, the concept of gradualism is frequently distinguished from reformism, with the former insisting that short-term goals need to be formulated and implemented in such a way - [Assistant Attorney General: Commonwealth could “legislate” on Daniel Andrews’ pandemic powers](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/assistant-attorney-general-commonwealth-could-legislate-on-daniel-andrews-pandemic-powers/) - The Commonwealth could use Australia’s international human rights obligations to “exclude” Daniel Andrews’ tough pandemic powers, but the Assistant Attorney General says Victorians should instead demand better government. The Assistant Attorney General has lashed Premier Daniel Andrews’ “unprecedented” pandemic powers, declaring that the proposed new bill would allow the government to “deprive people of liberty” - [Amendments and New Clause ~ PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING AMENDMENT (PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT) BILL 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/amendments-and-new-clause-public-health-and-wellbeing-amendment-pandemic-management-bill-2021/) - The Victorian state government have created the new bill to replace Victoria's State of Emergency laws, which were used during the COVID-19 pandemic, but had to be renewed every four weeks. The laws give the government the legal basis for lockdowns, mandatory mask-wearing, vaccine mandates and curfews. The Victorian government said the new laws would be "purpose built" - [THE COVID-19 FRAUD ~ WAR AGAINST HUMANITY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-covid-19-fraud-war-against-humanity/) - Since the Pandemic Potential (COVID-19) Declaration 2020 from the Governor General of Australia, we have been living in the state of exception, which may be described as a liminal space between law and life where the law no longer applies and where pure force appropriates lawlessness unto itself in order to make itself the law. - [Excessive COVID policing ‘burdening’ courts](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/excessive-covid-policing-burdening-courts/) - The “excessive” fines and charges issued by NSW Police in its attempts to enforce a number of COVID-19 restrictions have had an “unsustainable impact on courts” and has ultimately slowed the state’s recovery, the Aboriginal Legal Service said. New data from the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR) revealed that the “increased enforcement activity” - [National Review of Hotel Quarantine.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/national-review-of-hotel-quarantine/) - This review examines quarantine systems and processes in all States and Territories except Victoria, met with relevant agencies and reviewed hotel quarantine arrangements and witnessed passenger arrivals. A model of good practice in an end to end quarantine system, together with the role of coordination of decision making, risk mitigation, community safety and patient - [Please Support ~ Professor Nikolai Petrovsky ~ Covax-19.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/please-support-professor-nikolai-petrovsky-covax-19/) - Frustrated with the Federal Government’s refusal to make Covax available, Professor Petrovsky has turned to crowd funding to bring the Aussie vaccine back to Australia to help fund its TGA approval. We here at Constitution watch support the ethical production of vaccines safely tested and continued without risk to the community. In an Australian first, - [1.6m Moderna doses withdrawn in Japan over contamination](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/1-6m-moderna-doses-withdrawn-in-japan-over-contamination/) - TOKYO/ NEW YORK -- About 1.6 million doses of Moderna's coronavirus vaccine have been taken out of use in Japan because of contamination reported in some vials, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare said early Thursday. Several vaccination centers have reported that vaccine vials contained foreign matter, according to an announcement from the ministry, - [Public Health and Wellbeing Amendment (Pandemic Management) Bill 2021 ~ THIRD READING!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-health-and-wellbeing-amendment-pandemic-management-bill-2021-third-reading/) - The very word "secrecy" is repugnant in a free and open society; and we are as a people inherently and historically opposed to secret societies, to secret oaths and to secret proceedings. We decided long ago that the dangers of excessive and unwarranted concealment of pertinent facts far outweighed the dangers which are cited - [Public Health and Wellbeing Bill 2008 ~ EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-health-and-wellbeing-bill-2008-explanatory-memorandum/) - The 2008 Explanatory Memorandum of the Public Health and Wellbeing Bill, the Act that threw Victorians into a totalitarian Police State under the guise of safety (Public Health). Soon to again enliven through current amendments, a Dictator style State of pretended safety for you and your family but in real terms just fascists peddling the - [PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING AMENDMENT (PANDEMIC MANAGEMENT) BILL 2021 Second reading](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-health-and-wellbeing-amendment-pandemic-management-bill-2021-second-reading/) - People found guilty of “intentionally and recklessly” breaching public health orders would face two years in jail or a $90,000 fine, the premier will get sweeping powers to declare pandemics and the public’s right to privacy will be enshrined in law under pandemic legislation introduced by the Andrews government. PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING AMENDMENT (PANDEMIC - [The totalitarian Pandemic-Management-Bill-2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-totalitarian-pandemic-management-bill-2021/) - The Victorian government is set to introduce new laws to parliament that would allow the health minister to make public health orders for the COVID-19 pandemic. The bill is expected to permanently replace the current state of emergency, which has been in place for more than 18 months and expires on December 15. The bill will - [- COVID-19 - Vaccination-Status-Prevention-of-Discrimination-Bill](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-vaccination-status-prevention-of-discrimination-bill/) - Could the COVID-19-Vaccination-Status-Prevention-of-Discrimination-Bill receive the parliamentary attention it should deserve or is this another attempt to provide another illusion when in actual fact nothing is being done? After Craig Kelly attempted to enact an anti Covid-19 passport Bill, how can it be taken that the members of the current Parliament act in your best interest - [Mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy to further protect WA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mandatory-covid-19-vaccination-policy-to-further-protect-wa/) - Western Australia currently have no Covid-19 cases yet the Premier Mark McGowan has made claim the mandatory vaccination policy being rolled out across the State is proportianite to the Health risk Western Australia are currently facing. The survival rate of Covid-19 infection is greater than 99%, we now ask the reader when comparing the vaccine - [A Letter from the Prime Minister Scott Morrison on Vaccination within Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-letter-from-the-prime-minister-scott-morrison-on-vaccination-within-australia/) - Below is a correspondence from Prime Minister Scott Morrison' on the subject of the vaccination roll out in Australia and another confirmation vaccination is not compulsory within Australia as vaccination is a personal choice. If this is the case why are the States doing indirectly what the Commonwealth cannot do directly? In respect of this the - [PFIZER Violation Tracker Parent Company Summary](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-violation-tracker-parent-company-summary/) - Parent Company Name: Pfizer Ownership Structure: publicly traded (ticker symbol PFE) Headquartered in: New York Major Industry: pharmaceuticals Specific Industry: pharmaceuticals Penalty total since 2000: $4,660,896,333 Number of records: 71 Top 5 Offense Groups (Groups Defined) Penalty Total Number of Records healthcare-related offenses $3,373,675,000 10 government-contracting-related offenses $1,109,688,435 19 safety-related offenses $104,014,255 11 competition-related offenses - [Humiliation for Daniel Andrews as the 'world first' study Victoria held up as proof its mask policy crushed Covid is labelled 'CRAP' and 'riddled with basic errors'](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/humiliation-for-daniel-andrews-as-the-world-first-study-victoria-held-up-as-proof-its-mask-policy-crushed-covid-is-labelled-crap-and-riddled-with-basic-errors/) - Daniel Andrews has been humiliated after his 'world-first' study labelled 'crap' Victorian Premier mandated masks in outdoor settings during 112-day lockdown People were subjected to outdoor mask use despite no scientific proof Leading Australian scientists said use of report for legislation is 'staggering' One anonymous leading clinician said report was 'crap', 'weak' and 'feeble' - [Pfizer has power to 'silence' governments and 'maximize profits'](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-has-power-to-silence-governments-and-maximize-profits/) - COVID-19 vaccine manufacturer Pfizer has been accused of hiding behind a veil of secrecy to profiteer during the "worst public health crisis" in over 100 years. Key points: The company is able to change its vaccine delivery schedule (without penalty) Brazil can't accept COVID vaccine donations from other nations, without Pfizer's consent Pfizer raised the annual - [Seizures Following Vaccination.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/seizures-following-vaccination/) - What are febrile seizures? The word “febrile” refers to having a fever. A seizure is a convulsion or fit of uncontrolled body movements. A “febrile seizure” refers to a seizure/convulsion associated with a fever in a child. Febrile seizures usually last around one or two minutes and can occur with any illness that causes fever, - [CHALLENGING THE THEORY OF NATURAL IMMUNITY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/challenging-the-theory-of-natural-immunity/) - Within 4 weeks following infection, 90-99% of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus develop detectable neutralizing antibodies. The strength and duration of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are not completely understood and currently available data suggests that it varies by age and the severity of symptoms. Available scientific data suggests that in most people - [Vaccination a Delusion](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccination-a-delusion/) - Editor Charles H. Smith's Note: This monographic criticism of vaccination was published in the spring of 1898, then incorporated into Wallace's The Wonderful Century that fall. Reproduced below is the text of the original spring 1898 Swan Sonnenschein & Co. edition. Footnotes are collected into a single list at the end (after the Index), prior - [Kassam Henry v Hazzard Ruling.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/kassam-henry-v-hazzard/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/211015_SCJudgementSummary-Kassam-Henry-v-Hazzard_151021.pdf" title="211015_SCJudgementSummary-Kassam; Henry v Hazzard_151021"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/211015_SCJudgement-Kassam-Henry-v-Hazzard_151021.pdf" title="211015_SCJudgement-Kassam; Henry v Hazzard_151021"] - [30,305 people died within 21 days of having a Covid-19 Vaccine in England during the first 6 months of 2021 according to ONS data](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/30305-people-died-within-21-days-of-having-a-covid-19-vaccine-in-england-during-the-first-6-months-of-2021-according-to-ons-data/) - Official Office for National Statistics data has inadvertently revealed that 30,305 people have died within twenty-one days of having a Covid-19 vaccine in England during the first 6 months of 2021. Dozens of freedom of information requests have been made to Public Health England (PHE) over the past few months requesting to know how many - [Italian court sides with nurse wrongly suspended for refusing COVID-19 jab](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/italian-court-sides-with-nurse-wrongly-suspended-for-refusing-covid-19-jab/) - The decision overturns precedents and enshrines in law the illegitimacy of dismissing or suspending employees without pay for failing to vaccinate. Tue Sep 28, 2021 - 1:08 pm EDT MILAN, Italy, – A civil court has sided with a nurse who was suspended without pay after she refused the COVID-19 vaccine. The ruling was given by - [The Vaccine Death Report.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-vaccine-death-report/) - The Vaccine Death Report reveals a horrifying reality: millions of innocent people lost their lives and hundreds of millions are suffering crippling side effects, after being injected with the experimental covid injections. The Vaccine Death Report shows all the evidence for this, with hundreds of references that allow for further investigation. 52 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/vaccine-death-report.pdf"] - [Vaccine passport restrictions are constitutionally invalid. Here’s why!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccine-passport-restrictions-are-constitutionally-invalid-heres-why/) - Australian governments are now starting to impose vaccination orders as the way out of lockdowns. They have decided that people who choose to not get vaccinated will have their basic rights restricted, including in their freedom of movement and association. Prime Minister Scott Morrison has indicated that the unvaccinated must be treated differently to the - [Queensland Police Commissioner Katarina Carroll faces legal challenge to staff COVID vaccination mandate](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/queensland-police-commissioner-katarina-carroll-faces-legal-challenge-to-staff-covid-vaccination-mandate/) - The Queensland Police Commissioner's direction for all staff to be vaccinated or face suspension and possible dismissal will be tested in the Supreme Court. Key points: Seven QPS staff, including five serving police officers, are challenging the vaccine mandate They allege the Commissioner's direction is a breach of anti-discrimination laws They are also seeking a - [The Law Relating to Failure by a Medical Practitioner to Advise of Risks](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-law-relating-to-failure-by-a-medical-practitioner-to-advise-of-risks/) - The High Court of Australia affirmed the Supreme Court of New South Wales' determination that a doctor has a duty to warn a patient of any material risk involved in a proposed treatment. A risk is considered material if a reasonable person in similar circumstances would attach significance to the risk, or if the doctor - [What is the Price of Vaccination?$?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/what-is-the-price-of-vaccination/) - Vaccination Dose Delivery Payment (Page 22) Through the Vaccination Dose Delivery Payment, the Commonwealth will provide a 50 per cent contribution to the agreed price per vaccination dose delivered by the States, through monthly payments. The Commonwealth will contribute to the agreed price per vaccination dose delivered for all persons living in Australia. This includes - [US Republicans call for sanctions against Australia over police treatment of protesters](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/us-republicans-call-for-sanctions-against-australia-over-police-treatment-of-protesters/) - The world is watching Australia and its ongoing human rights abuses. In 2011 the United Nations introduced a new scheme called Universal Periodic Reviews (UPR). Every four years each of the 193 UN member countries undergoes a peer review and assessment of their human rights record. It is a rigorous process. The nation reviewed is invited to - [Massive Development in Victoria, Australia – Major Trade Union CFMEU Goes To War Against Union Leadership and Politicians Over Mandated Vaccinations – Premier Daniel Andrews Shuts Down Industry](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/massive-development-in-victoria-australia-major-trade-union-cfmeu-goes-to-war-against-union-leadership-and-politicians-over-mandated-vaccinations-premier-daniel-andrews-shuts-down/) - A report from the U.S. watching the events in Melbourne. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fu2ZSMgWstk&t=169s - [Is Daniel Andrews administration of the Health Act Disproportionate?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-daniel-andrews-administration-of-the-health-act-disproportionate/) - The two precepts of government: One requires, that [those who manage the state] protect the interest of their citizens; that their whole conduct bear this reference, without ever implying a regard to their own advantage. The second requires, that they protect the whole body public alike, and support no single party to the prejudice of - [Doherty Modelling National Plan and Addendum](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/doherty-modelling-national-plan-and-addendum/) - On 2 July 2021, the National Cabinet agreed to formulate a four-phase National Plan to transition Australia's National COVID Response (the National Plan) from its current pre-vaccination settings (focusing on continued suppression of community transmission) to post-vaccination settings (focused on prevention of serious illness, hospitalisation and fatality, and the public health management of other infectious diseases). - [Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-induced immunity](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/comparing-sars-cov-2-natural-immunity-to-vaccine-induced-immunity/) - This study demonstrated that natural immunity confers longer lasting and stronger protection against infection, symptomatic disease and hospitalization caused by the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the BNT162b2 two-dose vaccine-induced immunity. Individuals who were both previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and given a single dose of the vaccine gained additional protection against the Delta variant. - [A Letter from Health Minister Greg Hunt](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-letter-from-health-minister-greg-hunt/) - An open letter to Greg Hunt on medical consent, mandatory vaccines and their rollout. Will vaccine become mandatory in Australia? Many legal firms are currently battling this very question out in the Australian courts due to an outcry of indirect coercion by employers doing that which the government cannot do directly. Section 51xxiiiA of the - [The American Journal of Therapeutics ~ Ivermectin for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 Infection](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-american-journal-of-therapeutics-ivermectin-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-covid-19-infection/) - The American Journal of Therapeutics has published a study on the effects on Ivermectin on Covid 19 patients, the study found the following results. Moderate-certainty evidence finds that large reductions in COVID-19 deaths are pos- sible using ivermectin. Using ivermectin early in the clinical course may reduce numbers progressing to severe disease. The apparent safety - [Email to Health Department.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/email-to-health-department/) - Please send the below email or correspondence to the Department of Health, the Public Health and Well Being Act 2008 imposes an obligation on the Health Department to provide you with reliable in formation to facilitate a good understanding of the current public health issues. We require the mortality rate of the infectious disease to - [External peer review of the RTPCR test to detect SARS-CoV-2 reveals 10 major scientific flaws at the molecular and methodological level: consequences for false positive results.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/external-peer-review-of-the-rtpcr-test-to-detect-sars-cov-2-reveals-10-major-scientific-flaws-at-the-molecular-and-methodological-level-consequences-for-false-positive-results/) - Pieter Borger(1), Bobby Rajesh Malhotra(2) , Michael Yeadon(3) , Clare Craig(4), Kevin McKernan(5) , Klaus Steger(6) , Paul McSheehy(7) , Lidiya Angelova(8), Fabio Franchi(9), Thomas Binder(10), Henrik Ullrich(11) , Makoto Ohashi(12), Stefano Scoglio(13), Marjolein Doesburg-van Kleffens(14), Dorothea Gilbert(15), Rainer Klement(16), Ruth Schruefer(17), Berber W. Pieksma(18), Jan Bonte(19), Bruno H. Dalle Carbonare(20), Kevin P. Corbett(21), Ulrike - [OPERATION COVID SHIELD](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/op-covid-shield/) - This document presents the National COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign Plan (the Plan) as part of Operation COVID Shield, announced by Prime Minister Scott Morrison on 8 June 2021. Implementation of the Plan will be coordinated by the National COVID Vaccine Taskforce (NCVTF) and led by Lieutenant General (LTGEN) John Frewen as the Coordinator General. The NCVTF’s - [The Early Discoveries of RNA and DNA Vaccination](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-early-discoveries-of-rna-and-dna-vaccination/) - Dr. Malone is the inventor of mRNA vaccines (and DNA vaccines). He also discovered lipid mediated and naked RNA transfection technologies. It all started when he was at the Salk Institute in 1987 and 1988. There, he pioneered in-vitro RNA transfection and also in-vivo RNA transfection (in frog embryos, as well as mice). This resulted - [An Open Letter to the Health Minister ~ Greg Hunt.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-open-letter-to-the-health-minister-greg-hunt/) - Greg Hunt, Minister for Health lays claim Covid-19 vaccines are safe, but what is "SAFE", What is the meaning of this claim? safe adjective free from danger or harm, or not causing danger or harm With Deaths and adverse reactions occurring from the Covid-19 vaccines how can the Minister lay claim they - [Dr. Judy Wilyman – Covid Help](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/dr-judy-wilyman-covid-help/) - This article describes how the medical-industry paradigm has provided false and misleading information about vaccines to global populations for decades. Through its control of the education system, both doctors and research institutions, and through the mainstream media, it has been working towards this outcome for over three decades. This has resulted in agnotology: populations that - [URGENT MEDIA RELEASE Supreme Court action against NSW Government Challenging COVID-19 Public Health Orders](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/urgent-media-release-supreme-court-action-against-nsw-government-challenging-covid-19-public-health-orders/) - SUPREME COURT ACTION against NSW Government - Challenging COVID-19 Public Health Orders The matter will be listed in the Expedition List on Friday, 3 September 2021. We have received thousands of inquiries from front-line workers, Police, Paramedics, Nurses, Aged Care, Doctors, Firefighters, construction workers, teachers, airline staff, miners, truck drivers, university students, mums and dads - [Authorisations-Human-Biosecurity-Officials.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/authorisations-human-biosecurity-officials/) - Is there an obligation for Biosecurity Officers to be officially Authorised to Act under the Biosecurity Act? Where are the latest most up to date authorisations, and if none exist how is it that the current officers are authorised for the purposes of the Act. Below is the latest ongoing declaration from January 22nd 2020. - [Immunization Against Neonatal Tetanus](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/immunization-against-neonatal-tetanus/) - For more than forty years it has been known that tetanus antibody passes the placenta (Ten Broeck &Bauer,1922-23), and suggestions were made that new born infants might be passively protected against neonatal tetanus by active immunization of their mothers (Nattan-Larrier,Ramon&Grasset,1926,1927; World Health Organization, 1950). Could the Covid 19 Vaccine be penetrating the placenta? 15 - [A special (Nuremberg trial type of) Bioweapon Tribunal](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/a-special-nuremberg-trial-type-of-bioweapon-tribunal/) - Extract from the Nuremberg Judgment within the International Military Tribunal 1st October 1946 (bottom of page 100) QUOTE “Many of these men have made a mockery of the soldier's oath of obedience to military orders. When it suits their defence they say they had to obey; when confronted with Hitler's brutal crimes, which are shown - [Australian GPs Can Legally Prescribe Ivermectin Triple Therapy Protocol — Professor Thomas Borody](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-gps-can-legally-prescribe-ivermectin-triple-therapy-protocol-professor-thomas-borody/) - The Centre for Digestive Diseases issued today a press release titled “Ivermectin Triple Therapy Protocol for COVID-19 Released to Australian GPs for Infected Elderly and Frontline Workers.” As we previously covered, this early treatment protocol combines ivermectin with doxycycline and zinc. “Triple therapy specialist Professor Thomas Borody, famous for curing peptic ulcers using a triple antibiotic - [Mandatory jabs and bans on the unvaccinated? Try getting that past the High Court](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mandatory-jabs-and-bans-on-the-unvaccinated-try-getting-that-past-the-high-court/) - Purchase Fundamental Rights in the Age of COVID-19 -- Edited by Augusto Zimmermann & Joshua Forrester https://www.connorcourtpublishing.com.au/Fundamental-Rights-in-the-Age-of-COVID-19--Edited-by-Augusto-Zimmermann-Joshua-Forrester-_p_414.html - [The Remedy to coerced Vaccinations?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-remedy-to-coerced-vaccinations/) - I made it clear through my lawyer I would begin to demand the status of all other employee's health condition in regards to other forms of communicable diseases. We would be demanding information on employees with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, flu, STD, measles, mumps, and so on. My lawyer had the paper already drawn up so - [Public Health Amendment (Vaccination Compensation) Bill 2021 ~ Updated.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-health-amendment-vaccination-compensation-bill-2021/) - A comprehensive easy to read proposed Bill to compensate those affected by the Covid 19 vaccine rollout until their death. One needs to ask themselves if the vaccines are safe as continually stated by government representatives, why do we need such an Act? Could it be that the vaccines are infact unsafe and untested? Are - [Covid Medical Network Letter to Doctors and Health Professionals.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-medical-network-letter-to-doctors-and-health-professionals/) - The Victorian government’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is now doing more harm than good. These measures will cause more deaths and result in far more negative health effects than the virus itself. Left unchecked, the Victorian government risks creating the state’s worst ever public health crisis. Many Australian doctors and other health professionals consider the - [COVID-19 virus has properties that have never been found in nature before](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-virus-has-properties-that-have-never-been-found-in-nature-before/) - Norwegian and British vaccine scientists have published unequivocal evidencethat SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is man-made. The authors state two conclusions: (1) the mutations that would normally be seen in the course of animal to human transmission have not occurred in SARS-CoV-2, indicating that it was fully “pre-adapted” for human infection and - [Race to 80 ~ The Australian Government Vaccination agenda.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-australian-government-vaccination-agenda/) - Australia can end lockdowns and start to reopen its border once 80 per cent of the population is vaccinated – and we may be able to get there by the end of the year, according to a new Grattan Institute report. Race to 80: our best shot at living - [Can governments mandate a COVID vaccination?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-governments-mandate-a-covid-vaccination/) - [Non pharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Non-healthcare Settings](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/non-pharmaceutical-measures-for-pandemic-influenza-in-non-healthcare-settings/) - Face Masks Identified in the below systematic review, 10 RCTs that reported estimates of the effectiveness of face masks in reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections in the community from literature published during 1946–July 27, 2018. In pooled analysis, we found no significant reduction in influenza trans- mission with the use of face masks. One study - [CANT MASK? DON'T ASK!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/cant-mask-dont-ask/) - Businesses should not refuse service to patrons who may have a lawful reason for not wearing a face mask at venues that require mandatory face masks. Exceptions for not wearing a face mask Lawful excuses or exceptions for not wearing a face mask A face mask is not required to - [Can you be Compelled to Accept a Medical Service to keep your Job?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-you-be-compelled-to-accept-a-medical-service-to-keep-your-job/) - Justice Webb By fines of deprivations of practice, doctors could be controlled to any extent as to their movement and time. "When service is made compulsory by a fine or loss of practice to avoid a fine, it becomes a form of civil conscription." "When parliament comes between patient and doctor, and makes the lawful - [Important Information Regarding COVID-19 Check In ~ Queensland App](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/important-information-regarding-covid-19-check-in-qld-app/) - From: Mirani Electorate Office Date: 22 July 2021 at 10:01:04 am AESTSubject: RE: QR app enquirey Can you provide answers to the following questions: The Queensland government website in regards to using the check in process states: "This is a voluntary app” "your consent. By using or accessing Check In Qld, - [AN ASSESSMENT OF COVID-19 & THE FAILED GLOBAL HEALTH POLICIES OF THE WHO](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/an-assessment-of-covid-19-the-failed-global-health-policies-of-the-who/) - Has Covid-19 been isolated? Page 56 as attached provides ~ The CDC inflated the death rate for Covid19 - that was not isolated - by instructing medical practitioners in its March 24, 2020 directive to ascribe the cause of death as Covid19 for all deaths, irrespective if patients were tested positive for Covid19 or if - [Multi-Level Government and COVID-19: Australia as a case study](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/multi-level-government-and-covid-19-australia-as-a-case-study/) - Anne Twomey is a Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Sydney. She has previously worked for the High Court of Australia, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Research Service, the Senate Legal and Constitutional Committee and The Cabinet Office of New South Wales. In the last of these roles she was involved in inter-governmental relations and - [Are Covid-19 vaccines Mandatory?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-covid-19-vaccines-mandatory/) - The Commonwealth Department of Health in their current advice of 15th July 2021 confirm vaccinations are not compulsory. Are you being forced and coerced to accept a Covid-19 vaccination? Can you be compelled to legally do so? If you have you are being discriminated against by the Federal government to impose a practical or legal - [Public Health (COVID-19 Temporary Movement and Gathering Restrictions) Order 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/public-health-covid-19-temporary-movement-and-gathering-restrictions-order-2021/) - Guide to the safe exercise of Lockdown Restrictions currently underway in New South Wales and the Greater Sydney area, please see the current restrictions of the Chief Health Officer below as highlighted for you convenience. These should also be read in conjunction with all other New South Wales Health Department Directions. See Highlights. [pdf-embedder - [Petition ~ Fight To Ban Vaccine Passports/Certificates](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/petition-fight-to-ban-vaccine-passports-certificates/) - Stop the Vaccine Passport! Sign & Share! Experimental vaccines being pushed onto the community to enforce Vaccine Passports is unethical. Vaccine Passports create an unprotected inexcusable situation for all aspects of personal and medical freedoms in our country. No member of government that truly cares to deliver in the best interests of their citizens - [Exemptions ~ Public Health (COVID-19 Mandatory Face Coverings) Order (No 3) 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/exemptions-public-health-covid-19-mandatory-face-coverings-order-no-3-2021/) - Subclause 1 obligates one to wear a face covering. (6) Subclause (1) does not apply to the following persons— (a) a person aged 12 years or under, (b) a person with a physical or mental health illness or condition, or disability, that makes wearing a fitted face covering unsuitable including, for example, a skin - [Consent in an era of expanded childhood immunisation](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/consent-in-an-era-of-expanded-childhood-immunisation/) - Recent developments in childhood immunisation programmes present unique challenges – the number of vaccines on offer continue to increase, while at the same time the risk–benefit ratios of some vaccines become increasingly narrow. In this setting, it is increasingly difficult to balance competing demands– public health imperatives for high uptake of immunisation, requirements for valid consent and respect - [SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust adaptive immune responses regardless of disease severity](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sars-cov-2-elicits-robust-adaptive-immune-responses-regardless-of-disease-severity/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/1-s2.0-S2352396421002036-main.pdf"] - [INFORMED CONSENT – VACCINE ROLLOUTS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/informed-consent-vaccine-rollouts-state-orders/) - We commend Ashley, Francina, Leonard & Associates for making a stand to raise genuine concerns of the many Australians facing the imposition of a vaccination void of their informed voluntary consent. Basic fundamental human rights are being tossed aside during the current event declared by the Governor General to be an event of "Pandemic Potential"... - [Can an employer require an employee to be vaccinated?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/can-an-employer-require-an-employee-to-be-vaccinated/) - In the current circumstances, the overwhelming majority of employers should assume that they can’t require their employees to be vaccinated against coronavirus. While the Australian Government’s policy is that receiving a vaccination is voluntary, it aims to have as many Australians vaccinated as possible. There are limited circumstances where an employer may require their employees - [Legal Action against forced medication in Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/legal-action-against-forced-medication-in-australia/) - Constitution Watch would like to bring to your attention the Go-Fund-Me campaign currently underway by our good friend, lawyer Matt Hopkins. Matt is making a stand against the medical tyranny being imposed on all Australians. Please donate to this amazing cause so Matt can make a difference for all Australians. I am commencing two - [New Qld Bill Extends Emergency Powers to 30 April 2022](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/new-qld-bill-extends-emergency-powers-to-30-april-2022/) - Queensland's Minister of Health, Yvett D'Ath, quietly tabled the latest Public Health and Other Legislation (Further Extension of Expiring Provisions) Amendment Bil 2021 on 16 June 2021, in the middle of Queensland's Budget Sitting. The Bill extends Queensland's Emergency Response Act measures a further seven months, from 30 September 2021 to 30 April 2022, with - [Mask Exemptions NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mask-exemptions-nsw/) - Exemptions When you can remove your mask A person may remove their mask if they are: eating or drinking communicating with another person who is deaf or hard of hearing at work and the nature of the work makes the wearing of a fitted face covering a risk to the person's, or another persons' health - [Exceptions for not wearing a face mask ~ Victoria ~](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/exceptions-for-not-wearing-a-face-mask/) - Lawful excuses or exceptions for not wearing a face mask A face mask is not required to be worn in some circumstances including for: Infants and children under the age of 12 years. Persons who have a physical or mental health illness or condition, or disability, which makes wearing a face covering unsuitable, including persons - [Australia’s Medicine Regulator has never seen Pfizer Covid Vaccine study data despite deeming it safe for Australians](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australias-medicine-regulator-has-never-seen-pfizer-covid-vaccine-study-data-despite-deeming-it-safe-for-australians/) - A freedom of information request made to Australia’s drug regulator has revealed they have never seen the extremely limited study data for the Pfizer / BioNTech vaccine despite giving it emergency approval and deeming it safe to be injected into the arms of Australians. The reason for the request was due to concern over - [No Domestic Vaccine Passport Bill 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/no-domestic-vaccine-passport-bill-2021/) - Although this Bill has great significance for the protection of all Australians due to medical conscription the basis for this Bill should be based on section 51(xxiiiA) of the Constitution in respect of being civilly conscripted to accept a medical service against ones will. The High Court has spoken on this subject in the Wong - [Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for DIR 182 Commercial supply of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/risk-assessment-and-risk-management-plan-for-dir-182-commercial-supply-of-recombinant-covid-19-vaccine/) - So who is Janssen Cilag who have applied to distribute a new Covid 19 (alleged) vaccine? Johnson & Johnson of course. So what have J&J been up to that we can install our confidence to distribute a vaccine? A St Louis jury has awarded more than $6 billion ($US4.7 billion) in total damages to 22 - [VACCINATED V UNVACCINATED](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccinated-v-unvaccinated/) - The following pilot surveys provide numerical proof that vaccines are causing an exponential increased risk. They compare a large control group of unvaccinated people and show this group to be exponentially healthier than vaccinated people by mere chance. This survey appears to be unique in the world and shows the true health problems people face - [Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency ~ Urgent preliminary report ~ COVID-19 Vaccines unsafe for Humans!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency-urgent-preliminary-report-covid-19-vaccines-unsafe-for-humans/) - The MHRA now has more than enough evidence on the Yellow Card system to declare the COVID-19 vaccines unsafe for use in humans. Preparation should be made to scale up humanitarian efforts to assist those harmed by the COVID-19 vaccines and to anticipate and ameliorate medium to longer term effects. As the mechanism for harms - [STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF HEALTH OUTCOMES IN THE UNVACCINATED](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statistical-evaluation-of-health-outcomes-in-the-unvaccinated/) - How can a Government and its Ministers claim an untested vaccine is safe if tested vaccines carry a legal classification of "unavoidably unsafe?" Vaccines are legally classified as “UNSAFE” Vaccines are legally classified as “unavoidably unsafe” under controlling U.S. law. Unsafe is the antithesis of safe. The use of the word “safe” to market - [In the matter of a prosecution of the Victorian and Australian Governments – in relation to their ongoing crimes against humanity since end-March 2020 arising from reckless and disproportionate public health measures](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/in-the-matter-of-a-prosecution-of-the-victorian-and-australian-governments-in-relation-to-their-ongoing-crimes-against-humanity-since-end-march-2020-arising-from-reckless-and-disproportionat/) - In an article published in 2011 in the Bulletin ofthe World Health Organization, Luc Bonneux and Wim Van Damme wrote: The repeated pandemic health scares caused by an avian H5N1 and a new A(H1N1) human influenza virus are part of the culture of fear. Worst-case thinking replaced balanced risk assessment. Worst-case thinking is motivated by - [Finally!!! ~ QR Codes for your Benefit!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/qr-codes-for-your-benefit/) - Please share this will family and Friends, they are QR codes you can share with Police, State Government and anyone trying to impose their will on you which is inconsistent with Commonwealth Law. Yes, State Officers are not aware of Commonwealth laws that protect you from their tyrannical requirements at the State level. Its time - [The COVID-19 spike protein may be a potentially unsafe toxic endothelial pathogen](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-covid-19-spike-protein-may-be-a-potentially-unsafe-toxic-endothelial-pathogen/) - Paul Elias Alexander, PhD; Parvez Dara, MD, MBA; Howard Tenenbaum, DDS, PhD We raise the specter of harm from the vaccines in children and adolescents. We are scientists and prognosticators who believe in the science of pre-existing vaccines that have undergone rigorous pretesting prior to human exposure. We have very serious concerns about these COVID-19 - [Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ivermectin-docks-to-the-sars-cov-2-spike-receptor-binding-domain-attached-to-ace2/) - Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM - [Anthony Fauci ~ Freedom of Information request of emails that include the term SARS-CoV, COVID, COVID-19, Moderna or mRNA-1273](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/anthony-fauci-freedom-of-information-request-of-emails-that-include-the-term-sars-cov-covid-covid-19-moderna-or-mrna-1273/) - Last year, ICAN made FOIA requests to NIH for documents regarding COVID-19, including two requests for Anthony Fauci’s emails. ICAN has received nearly 3,000 emails sent by Fauci from early February 2020 through May 2020. Read what Fauci was saying privately about masks, therapeutics, vaccines, ventilators, and many other COVID-19 topics. Freedom of Information Requests - [Covid-19 deaths vs Covid-19 Vaccination Deaths in Australia.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-deaths-vs-covid-19-vaccination-deaths-in-australia/) - 11 pages of the most up to date Covid statistics taken from the website of the Australian Governments Department of Health ~ 31st December 2020 till 31st May 2021. Click the full screen icon to enlarge. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/COVID-19-Deaths-vs-COVID-19-Vaccination-Deaths-in-Australia.pdf" title="COVID-19 Deaths vs COVID-19 Vaccination Deaths in Australia"] - [Is there New Health Tyranny pending in 2022 for Victoria?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/is-there-new-health-tyranny-pending-in-2022-for-victoria/) - PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELLBEING AMENDMENT ACT 2021 (NO. 2 OF 2021) - SECT 6 Repeal of this Act This Act is repealed on 1 December 2022. Note The repeal of this Act does not affect the continuing operation of the amendments made by it (see section 15(1) of the Interpretation of Legislation Act - [1200 Studies to Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/1200-studies-to-vaccinate-or-not-to-vaccinate/) - The Truth will Prevail. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/1200-Studies-To-Vaccinate-or-Not-to-Vaccinate-The-Truth-Will-Prevail-v2.pdf"] - [Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/chloroquine-is-a-potent-inhibitor-of-sars-coronavirus-infection-and-spread/) - Virology Journal volume 2, Article number: 69 (2005) Cite this article Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure therapy is currently available. Results We report, however, that chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS-CoV infection of primate cells. These inhibitory effects are observed when the - [Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine Protocol.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-protocol/) - Pfizer Covid 19 protocol document containing all manufacturers details, synopsis, risk assessment, scientific studies, samples, study assessment, reactions etc. A PHASE 1/2/3, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, RANDOMIZED, OBSERVER-BLIND, DOSE-FINDING STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, IMMUNOGENICITY, AND EFFICACY OF SARS-COV-2 RNA VACCINE CANDIDATES AGAINST COVID-19 IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS 146 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/pfizervax.pdf"] - [The Fauci COVID-19 Dossier.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-fauci-covid-19-dossier/) - So whats behind the COVID-19 pandemic? NIH funding doubled from $3.4 billion to $7.1 billion. A decade later, it doubled again to $15.6 billion. In the wake of September 2001, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) saw its direct budget increase over 300% without accounting for DARPA funds of as much - [2,050 cases where Vaccine targets COVID-19 (COVID19) and Patient Died](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/2050-cases-where-vaccine-targets-covid-19-covid19-and-patient-died/) - National Vaccine Information Center Your Health. Your Family. Your Choice. MedAlerts Home From the 3/19/2021 release of VAERS data: Found 2,050 cases where Vaccine targets COVID-19 (COVID19) and Patient Died Case Details This is page 1 out of 205 Result pages: 1 2345678910next VAERS ID: 909095 (history) Form: Version 2.0 Age: 66.0 Sex: Male Location: Colorado Vaccinated: 2020-12-23 - [Immunisation disputes in the family law system](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/immunisation-disputes-in-the-family-law-system/) - The likely outcome of immunisation disputes in the Family Law Courts would appear to be that the child will be immunised according to NIP, unless there are clear medical counterindications for the particular child. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/IMMUNISATION-DISPUTES.pdf" title="IMMUNISATION DISPUTES"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to - [FACT SHEET ~ EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF THE PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 VACCINE TO PREVENT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fact-sheet-emergency-use-authorization-eua-of-the-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-to-prevent-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Pfizer-COVID-19-Vaccine-EUA-Fact-Sheet-for-Vaccination-Providers-1-25-21-1.pdf" title="Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine EUA Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers 1-25-21"] - [FACT SHEET ~ EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF THE MODERNA COVID-19 VACCINE TO PREVENT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/fact-sheet-for-healthcare-providers-administering-vaccinevaccination-providers-emergency-use-authorization-eua-of-the-moderna-covid-19-vaccine-to-prevent-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-providers-Moderna-COVID-19-vaccine.pdf" title="Fact-sheet-providers-Moderna COVID-19 vaccine"] - [EMERGENCY USE AUTHORIZATION (EUA) OF THE PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 VACCINE TO PREVENT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/emergency-use-authorization-eua-of-the-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-to-prevent-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/) - AS PER THE MANUFACTURERS SPECIFICATION WHICH THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION RECOMMENDS NOT TO IGNORE. THESE ARE THE WORDS OF THE MANUFACTURER AS FOUND ON THE SPECIFICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ~ THEY ARE NOT OUR WORDS. (How can Scott Morrison tell you the vaccine is safe when the manufacturer cant?)... INFORMATION TO PROVIDE TO VACCINE RECIPIENTS/CAREGIVERS - [COVID-19 mRNA Shots Are Legally Not Vaccines](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-mrna-shots-are-legally-not-vaccines/) - By Joseph Mercola Mercola.com February 11, 2021 Did you know that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines aren’t vaccines in the medical and legal definition of a vaccine? They do not prevent you from getting the infection, nor do they prevent its spread. They’re really experimental gene therapies. I discussed this troubling fact in a recent interview with - [Vaccine Excipient & Media Summary](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccine-excipient-media-summary/) - This table includes not only vaccine ingredients (e.g., adjuvants and preservatives), but also substances used during the manufacturing process, including vaccine-production media, that are removed from the final product and present only in trace quantities. In addition to the substances listed, most vaccines contain Sodium Chloride (table salt). 5 Pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/VACCINE-INGREDIENTS.pdf" title="VACCINE INGREDIENTS"] - [Astra Zeneca Summary of RIsk Assessment](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/astra-zeneca-summary-of-risk-assessment/) - Risk assessment The risk assessment concludes that risks to the health and safety of people or the environment from the proposed supply, either in the short or long term, are negligible. No specific risk treatment measures are required to manage these negligible risks. The current assessment focuses on risks posed to people other than the - [Clinical trial with a genetically modified Vaccinia virus based treatment for solid cancerous tumours – Novotech (Australia) Pty Limited](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/clinical-trial-with-a-genetically-modified-vaccinia-virus-based-treatment-for-solid-cancerous-tumours-novotech-australia-pty-limited/) - DIR 179 documents The following documents are available for DIR 179: Invitation to comment The document invites written submissions from the public on the Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan (consultation version) prepared by the Regulator as part of the assessment of this application. It explains how the public can access or obtain the - [1990 to 2021 ~ Vaccines Adverse Events Reaction Data.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/1990-to-2021-vaccines-adverse-events-reaction-data/) - VAERS Data Sets VAERS data CSV and compressed (ZIP) files are available for download in the table below. For information about VAERS data, please view the VAERS Data Use Guide[PDF - 310KB], which contains the following information: Important information about VAERS from the FDA Brief description of VAERS Cautions on interpreting VAERS data Definitions of - [National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program: Revisions to the Vaccine Injury Table](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/national-vaccine-injury-compensation-program-revisions-to-the-vaccine-injury-table/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Vaccine-Injury-Compensation-Program-Revisions-to-the-Vaccine-Injury-Table-2020-15673.pdf" title="Vaccine Injury Compensation Program- Revisions to the Vaccine Injury Table 2020-15673"] - [Defence to Offences detected by photographic detection device in Queensland.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/defence-to-offences-detected-by-photographic-detection-device-in-queensland/) - With camera-detected offences, a ticket will be issued to the registered owner of the vehicle involved. If the owner was not the driver, they have 28 days from receiving the ticket to provide a statutory declaration that advises who the actual driver was, or that despite reasonable control being exercised over the vehicle and reasonable - [Forty-five years of registration statistics, proving vaccination to be both useless and dangerous.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/forty-five-years-of-registration-statistics-proving-vaccination-to-be-both-useless-and-dangerous/) - Contributors Wallace, Alfred Russel, 1823-1913. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine License and attribution This material has been provided by This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 8](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-8/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol08-1.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol08"] - [MURDER BY INJECTION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/murder-by-injection-2/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Murder-by-Injection.-Eustace-Mullins.pdf" title="Murder by Injection. Eustace Mullins"] - [PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/procedural-fairness/) - Procedural Fairness if anything is the one subject you should fully research and understand when going into a court. Once you fully understand this subject you will gain power over your adversary in the courts. Some say after attending court, "I was railroaded", the reason you allowed this to happen is the fact you are - [Britain’s First 5G Court Case](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/britains-first-5g-court-case/) - Mark Steele, a 5G campaigner, has been highlighting the dangers of a secret 5G rollout by Gateshead Council where residents are complaining of increased illness and Cancer in the affected area. There’s enough evidence to conclude the new smart 5G arrays on the top of new LED lampposts emit Class 1 Radiation frequencies and should - [Federal Court Appointments.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/federal-court-appointments/) - The author of the FOI made request to gain access to the oaths, affirmations and appointments of various Federal Court Judges within Australia. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FOI22-289-Decision-Letter-with-Attachments.pdf" title="FOI22-289 Decision Letter with Attachments"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Attachment-C1-Documents.pdf" title="Attachment C1 - Documents"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Attachment-C2-Documents.pdf" title="Attachment C2 - Documents"] - [Ministerial Directions to Statutory Corporations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/ministerial-directions-to-statutory-corporations/) - Introduction The problem of informal Minister-board communication The governance structure of statutory corporations The evidence on informal Minister-board communication The propriety of informal Minister-board communication Structural reasons for the problem Ministerial powers of direction as a solution The position of statutory corporations in the framework of responsible government The meaning of responsible government The principle - [QUICK & GARREN ANNOTATED CONSTITUTION p791](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/quick-garren-annotated-constitution-p791/) - [P.791] ¶ 330. “Its Interpretation.” THE INTERPRETERS OF THE CONSTITUTION.—The Constitution, like every other law, is directly binding on every individual and every governmental agency within the Commonwealth. Every person, every officer, every political organ, has the duty of complying with its provisions and must in the exercise of that duty interpret its provisions, in the first instance, - [Please sign the Petition to keep cash!](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/please-sign-the-petition-to-keep-cash/) - Government and the world oligarchy want to ban cash. By signing this petition cash will be enshrined into law. But what is the real issue here? If cash is banned and a digital only system comes in EVERY transaction you do will be scrutinised, you will NEVER be able to make an anonymous payment again! - [Catastrophic Contagion Global Challenge Exercise.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/catastrophic-contagion-global-challenge-exercise/) - Is this the next planned crisis? Nearly three years to the date of Event 201, The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, in partnership with World Health Organization and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, conducted Catastrophic Contagion, a pandemic tabletop exercise at the Grand Challenges Annual Meeting in Brussels, Belgium, on October 23, 2022. - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 7.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-7/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol07.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol07"] - ['Pandemic Potential' ~ "The Pandemic you have when your only really potentially having a Pandemic?"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pandemic-potential-the-pandemic-you-have-when-your-only-really-potentially-having-a-pandemic/) - Potential having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future. The Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration 2020, by the Governor General does not establish a pandemic within Australia. It simply establishes the potential which is "showing the capacity to develop into something in the future". to - [Who Are the Taxpayers?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/who-are-the-taxpayers/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Who_Are_the_Taxpayers.pdf"] - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 6](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-6/) - 682 pages. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol06.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol06"] - [THE NATURE OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CESTUI QUE TRUST.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-nature-of-the-rights-of-the-cestui-que-trust/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/THE-NATURE-OF-THE-RIGHTS-OF-THE_-CESTUI-QUE-TRUST.pdf" title="THE NATURE OF THE RIGHTS OF THE_ CESTUI QUE TRUST"] - [ABRS Request for Review of Decision.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/abrs-request-for-review-of-decision/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Request_for_review_of_decision.pdf"] - [Complaint to the Chief Commissioner of the Australian Federal Police](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/complaint-to-the-chief-commissioner-of-the-australian-federal-police/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/20221129-Mr-G.-H.-Schorel-Hlavka-O.W.B.-to-R-Kershaw-Chief-Commissioner-of-AFP-Suppl-93-Part-2-electors-candidates-covid-scam-etc.pdf" title="20221129-Mr G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B. to R Kershaw Chief Commissioner of AFP-Suppl 93 -Part 2- electors-candidates-covid scam, etc"] - [Millions worth of COVID fines withdrawn in NSW](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/millions-worth-of-covid-fines-withdrawn-in-nsw/) - Millions of dollars worth of fines issued to thousands of people in NSW for breaching COVID-19 restrictions are being withdrawn by the state's revenue agency. NSW Revenue says 33,121 fines will be withdrawn following a landmark decision in the Supreme Court on Tuesday. A total of 62,138 COVID-19 related fines were issued in NSW over - [The story of the Commonwealth Bank.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-story-of-the-commonwealth-bank/) - "The Story of the Commonwealth Bank" was originally delivered as a lecture before the Sturt Electoral Committee, Adelaide, and was first printed in pamphlet form in 1931. It exhibited the usual defect of all lectures, namely, condensation of the subject matter to an extreme degree. The great and unexpected demand which arose for the pamphlet - [Report of the Inquiry into the Appointment of the Former Prime Minister to Administer Multiple Departments](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/report-of-the-inquiry-into-the-appointment-of-the-former-prime-minister-to-administer-multiple-departments/) - The Bell Inquiry examined the appointment of former Prime Minister, the Hon Scott Morrison MP, to administer multiple departments without disclosure to his colleagues or the public. The unprecedented and inexcusable actions of the former Prime Minister were emblematic of the culture of secrecy in which the previous Government operated. The Bell Inquiry confirms the Solicitor-General’s - [Halsbury's Laws on Trespass.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-on-trespass/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Halsbury-Laws.pdf.pdf" title="Halsbury Laws.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Fee-Simple-Explained.pdf"] If you appreciate our work, please click here to make a donation - [Australian births plummet December 2021](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-births-plummet-december-2021/) - The birth rate of Australians plummeted including as much as 99% in Victoria where only 21 babies were born for the moth of December 2021. But what could be causing this anomaly, this video looks at the official statistics and compares them with recent events that could be the answer. Why aren't mainstream media reporting - ["Why isn’t SA Health investigating the massive spike in cardiac events in young South Australians?"](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/why-isnt-sa-health-investigating-the-massive-spike-in-cardiac-events-in-young-south-australians/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vG8ay2jsdPs - [Director ID hardcopy form.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/director-id-hardcopy-form/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FORM_ABRS_ApplicationForDirectorIdentificationNumberY.pdf"] ACTS INTERPRETATION ACT 1901 - SECT 25C Compliance with forms Where an Act prescribes a form, then strict compliance with the form is not required and substantial compliance is sufficient. - [Challenge Jurisdiction](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/challenge-jurisdiction/) - [THERE WAS NO VICTORIAN EMERGENCY](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/there-was-no-victorian-emergency/) - In respect of subordinate instruments, The Presumption of Validity does not apply in the case of such instruments; therefore a prosecution must prove the legality of the Stay at Home Directions beyond reasonable doubt (which requires it to prove, inter alia, the legality of the Declaration of Emergency); and Must disclose the evidence upon which the prosecution - [Halsbury’s Laws of England Volume 4](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/halsburys-laws-of-england-volume-4/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/HLoE_1st-Vol04-2.pdf" title="HLoE_(1st) Vol04 2"] - [NO MORE SILENCE.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/no-more-silence/) - It was suggested early in the piece that if you decided to be jabbed that you took the reference number or batch number of the jab that you received. We do hope that people took note of this as it may be an important aspect in showing that particular batch numbers were more dangerous - [Imperial Acts consolidation 1958](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/imperial-acts-consolidation-1958/) - On 30 September I 958, 233 Consolidating Bills, representing a general consolidation of the public Acts of Victoria in force on 2 September 1958, received the Royal Assent. It may be useful to review the de- velopment of Statute law applicable to Victoria up to the enactment of this legislation, which is probably the last - [Adverse events reported to the TGA for all children aged 5 to 15](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/adverse-events-reported-to-the-tga-for-all-children-aged-5-to-15/) - October 2022 The following analysis of Adverse Events was reported to the TGA for kids aged 5 to 17 after COVID-19 Vaccination. Based on vaccination numbers, this week the focus is on percentages and rates of overall Adverse Events reported to the TGA. Unfortunately, and for a variety of reasons, not every Adverse Event gets - [Zory Glaser Microwave Radio Technology Archives documents by title](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/zory-glaser-archives-documents-by-title/) - [Certiorari...](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/certiorari/) - The remedy of certiorari is employed to quash the judicial decisions of tribunals and courts, usually in cases where no right of appeal is available. It is a discretionary remedy derived from the inherent jurisdiction of the Court of King's Bench over inferior tribunals exercised by means of the prerogative writs. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Certiorari.pdf"] - [Run of Proprietorship Rights upon Estate in Fee Simple.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/run-of-proprietorship-rights-upon-estate-in-fee-simple/) - For those you that have concerns regarding land titles we are introducing the writings of the Bakrom Agency who working with a group of legal minds and professional who are bringing a new concept in property titles in a new system outside the clutches of tyrannical overreach. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Bakrom20Agency20Writs-3.pdf" title="BakromAgencyWrits-3"] - [Maxims of Law.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/maxims-of-law/) - Maxim (Bouvier's Law Dictionary, 1856): An established principle or proposition. A principle of law universally admitted, as being just and consonant with reason. 2. Maxims in law are somewhat like axioms in geometry. 1 Bl. Com. 68. They are principles and authorities, and part of the general customs or common law of the land; - [Tassie judges caught in swearing-in bungle](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/tassie-judges-caught-in-swearing-in-bungle/) - THE State Government has scrambled to conduct swearing-in ceremonies for magistrates after an oversight meant none has taken the oath of office properly for three decades. Attorney-General Vanessa Goodwin, right, assured the public that tens of thousands of criminal convictions and jail sentences handed down during the period were still valid despite the error. The - [The 12 Presumptions of Law](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-12-presumptions-of-law/) - Canon 3228 A Roman Court does not operate according to any true rule of law, but by presumptions of the law. Therefore, if presumptions presented by the private Bar Guild are not rebutted they become fact and are therefore said to stand true [Or as “truth in commerce”]. There are twelve (12) key presumptions asserted - [Digital Water Meters and how not to Consent.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/digital-water-meters-and-how-not-to-consent/) - [Remedy of Covid Fines issued before October 20th 2020.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-fines-issued-before-october-20th-2020/) - Below is a response to send to the Victorian Government, Police, Fines Victoria etc so as to discharge a Covid 19 ~ $1652 fines issued prior to October 20th 2020. This will apply to infringements issued by Victoria Police under section 203 of the Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 as they failed to possess the - [Sufficient reason for failing to vote in Tasmania](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sufficient-reason-for-failing-to-vote-in-tasmania/) - . Is there a valid and sufficient reason to fail to vote in Tasmania? Section 181 of the Electoral Act 2004 provides for such failure. Subsection 2(a) & (c) below provides for incapacity or a religious belief. ELECTORAL ACT 2004 - SECT 181 Offence to fail to vote (1) An elector entitled - [Secret Handbook for Tax Agents.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/secret-handbook-for-tax-agents/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/irs_part_1_book_manual-1.pdf" title="irs_part_1_book_manual"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/irs_part_2_book_manual.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/irs_part_3_book_manual.pdf"] - [MEDIA RELEASE – THE VICTORIAN BAR AND AUSTRALIAN BAR ASSOCIATION RAISE CONCERNS ABOUT THE COVID-19 OMNIBUS BILL 2020](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/media-release-the-victorian-bar-and-australian-bar-association-raise-concerns-about-the-covid-19-omnibus-bill-2020/) - The Victorian Bar’s concerns about provisions of the Omnibus Bill, tabled in Parliament on 17 September 2020, refer principally to the broad and generic criteria on which “authorised officer” appointments may be made under s. 30 of the Act. The proposed criteria potentially open the door for those who are not trained as health professionals - [Victoria police powers under scrutiny after fines issued for exercise and going to supermarket](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victoria-police-powers-under-scrutiny-after-fines-issued-for-exercise-and-going-to-supermarket/) - Exclusive: Legal experts say people are being fined for lawful activities including not being at home because they were in hotel quarantine MelissaLDavey Thu 3 Sep 2020 03.30 AESTLast modified on Thu 3 Sep 2020 03.33 AEST Victorians are being fined by police for activities they are allowed to do under public health orders, - [Statement by a supplier not quoting an ABN](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statement-by-a-supplier-not-quoting-an-abn/) - When a payer makes payments to suppliers for goods or services to the business, those suppliers generally need to quote an Australian business number (ABN). They can quote their ABN on an invoice, or some other document that relates to the goods and services they provide. If a supplier does not provide its ABN, the - [What does the Victoria Police Uphold the Right Motto mean](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/what-does-the-victoria-police-uphold-the-right-motto-mean/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjtAfvnsOdI&feature=emb_logo The Victoria Police Motto is “Uphold the Right”, but, what does that actually mean? Let’s take a look at the Code of Conduct, the Victoria Police Mission Statement and the Code of Ethics and explore how they play a fundamental role in the formation of the Victoria Police Motto. Watch the video - [BLACKS LAW DICTIONARY 1st EDITION](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/blacks-law-dictionary-1st-edition/) - . BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY has proven its value through the years to the busy practitioner, judge and law student who requires quick and convenient access to the meanings of legal terms and phras- es found in statutes or judicial opinions, as well as to the special legal meanings of standard English words—meanings which frequently can- - [Veteran Victoria Police officer hit with 87 corruption charges](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/veteran-victoria-police-officer-hit-with-87-corruption-charges/) - A veteran Victoria Police officer has been slapped with almost 90 criminal charges after an internal anti-corruption investigation uncovered potential wrongdoing. The alleged corruption involved officers lying under oath to obtain search warrants for police raids were which were carried out on contrived information. At least 15 Victorians may have been unlawfully arrested due to - [PROOF OF VACCINATION DIRECTIONS (NO 3) ~ WESTERN AUSTRALIA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/proof-of-vaccination-directions-no-3-western-australia/) - Readers, please do not fall for fake Directions such as the direction directly below. Those with a keen eye will see this fake direction comes into effect upon singing... and not signing. At bottom is the correct and current Direction for Western Australia. Remember Facebook is not, and I repeat, an accurate source of information. - [The 1 million people myth.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-1-million-people-myth/) - The head count on Saturday 12, 2022, Convoy to Canberra has been more than over exaggerated. Here is the evidence there is no truth to the myth of 1 million people attending. https://www.mapchecking.com/#bAACgQMM3DcLQIBVDAACIQfs1DcLTIBVDDTYNwvwgFUMrNg3CEyEVQ1Y2DcIjIRVD3jYNwjUhFUN9OA3C2iAVQ4U3DcJyIBVDcTcNwncgFUMVNw3CjSAVQw https://www.mapchecking.com/#bAACgQMM3DcLQIBVDAACIQeM3DcJ2IBVDizgNwrsgFUMUOQ3CnCAVQ3E4DcJbIBVD . . The total attending is just short of 250,000 people. - [Income tax status review worksheet for self-assessing non-profit organisations](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/income-tax-status-review-worksheet-for-self-assessing-non-profit-organisations/) - This worksheet helps non-profit organisations self-assess their income tax status as either income tax exempt or taxable. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ATO-FORM-74141.pdf" title="ATO FORM 74141"] - [Government Accountability ~ Code of Conduct.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/2456-2/) - Holding Government to account is a subject most are unaware of and most simply accept government can do what they like. Below are the Parliamentary Service Codes of Conduct for the Commonwealth. Constitution Watch compels you to hold those to account that breach their code of conduct when providing services to you as an - [Letters Patent.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letters-patent/) - Are the Letters Patent establishing the permanent office of Governor General in 1900 by Queen Victoria the same office as established in 1984 under the Queen of Australia? How can the Office be the same as constituted if the title of Queen of Australia fails to be for The Commonwealth of Australia & under the - [World Economic Forum Annual Meeting List of Participants.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-list-of-participants/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/list-of-signed-up-delegates-to-world-economic-forum-2022-annual-meeting-in-davos-switzerland-as-of-nov-17.pdf"] - [Stamp duty](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/stamp-duty/) - [NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/negotiable-instruments/) - [Australia's Central Bank Says It Is Bust](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australias-central-bank-says-it-is-bust/) - After the Australian fiscal year ended in June, the Reserve Bank of Australia marked its bond holdings to market - wiping out all its reserves. The central bank of Australia on Wednesday made the astonishing admission that it is, basically, bust. Its entire equity has been wiped out by pandemic-related bond buying. Of course, the - [Klaus Schwab Says People Will Soon Wear ‘Brain Impants’ so the WEF Can Read Their Thoughts](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/klaus-schwab-says-people-will-soon-wear-brain-impants-so-the-wef-can-read-their-thoughts/) - Schwab's plans for humanity sheds further light on the trans-humanist WEF A recently resurfaced video taken at the World Economic Forum shows director Klaus Schwab boasting that, within 10 years, the people of the world will be wearing “brain implants” so that the globalist WEF can “measure your brain waves” and read your thoughts. The - [MMS Health Recovery Guidebook.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mms-health-recovery-guidebook/) - This book is filled with alternative health restoration protocols that have been found to work from the experience of grassroots efforts by many people around the world. Every individual is personally responsible for his/her decision as to whether or how they use this information, or whether or not they seek officially recognized medical attention. The - [Commentaries on the Law of Bills of Exchange](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/commentaries-on-the-law-of-bills-of-exchange/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/commentaries-Bills-of-Exchange.pdf" title="commentaries Bills of Exchange"] - [Value of the Fiction Theory for Understanding the “Legal Person”](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/value-of-the-fiction-theory-for-understanding-the-legal-person/) - World Applied Sciences Journal 27 (7): 907-912, 2013 Evgenij Smirnov and Oleg Jastrebov St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Vtoraja Krasnoarmejskaja ul. 4, St. Petersburg, 190005, Russia Department of Administrative and Financial Law, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaja ul., Moscow, 117198, Russia Abstract: This article discusses a number of conceptual - [National Competition Policy ~ Review of the Bills of Exchange Act 1909](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/national-competition-policy-review-of-the-bills-of-exchange-act-1909/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Review-of-the-Bills-of-Exchange-Act-July-2003.pdf" title="Review of the Bills of Exchange Act, July 2003"] - [Annotations of the Bills of Exchange Act](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/annotations-of-the-bills-of-exchange-act/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/law-of-bills-of-exchange-ANNOTATIONS.pdf" title="law of bills of exchange ANNOTATIONS"] - [Instructions for UCC Financing Statement (Form UCC1)](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/instructions-for-ucc-financing-statement-form-ucc1/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/form-ucc1-and-1ad.pdf"] - [International Conference on Bills of Exchange.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-conference-on-bills-of-exchange/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/international-BILLS-OF-EXCHANGE.pdf" title="international BILLS OF EXCHANGE"] - [Pfizer, FDA, CDC Hid Proven Harms to Male Sperm Quality, Testes Function, from mRNA Vaccine Ingredients](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/pfizer-fda-cdc-hid-proven-harms-to-male-sperm-quality-testes-function-from-mrna-vaccine-ingredients/) - When the COVID-19 vaccine rollout to the public began in late 2020, medical professionals, public health agencies, and government spokespeople all assured the American public that the novel mRNA vaccines did not cause negative systematic effects to human bodies. They promised the public, many of whom were skeptical about the safety of a drug brought - [BILLS OF EXCHANGE DEFINITIONS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/bills-of-exchange-definitions/) - Bills of Exchange Definitions. DRAWEE. A person to whom a bill of exchange is addressed, and who is requested to pay the amount of money therein mentioned. The drawee may be only one person, or there may be several persons. The drawee may be a third person, or a man may draw a bill on - [Securitisation Repossession Rights Scam...](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/securitisation-repossession-rights-scam/) - SECURITISATION Australian style Federal joint house Standing Committee on Corporations and Financial Services How Fraud against property and business owners is making big bucks for banks The writers' extensive knowledge base includes law, politics, farming and business. They are part of a team working on a Class Action for the Victims of Securitisation in Australia. - [Are Notices Binding?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/are-notices-binding/) - In the matter of Glenevan Pty Ltd [2015] NSWSC 201 (23 February 2015) 20. Secondly, the repeated proposition that the affidavit, being unrefuted, “stood as law and fact” is equally nonsense. Unrebutted affidavits do not necessarily conclusively establish the facts deposed to in them. They are evidence of facts. They do not establish them - [Misfeasance in public office](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/misfeasance-in-public-office/) - It has been described as ‘a very peculiar tort’. Although the tort is over 300 years old, it can be properly described as emerging and evolving. Despite being the subject of hundreds of decided cases, considerable uncertainty attends elements of the tort, which are ‘notoriously ... unsettled’ 15 pages [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/br115.pdf"] - [BREAKING NEWS: Original Sovereign Tribal Federation: "Unite and stand down the Quasi Australian government."](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/breaking-news-original-sovereign-tribal-federation-unite-and-stand-down-the-quasi-australian-government/) - Please support the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation "(OSTF)" in their fight against tyrannical Government trespassing upon their cultural lands. We here at Constitution Watch support the OSTF in claiming back their tribal heritage and lands and compel the people of Australia to show your support to the original Sovereigns of this great land who support - [Council Rates are an Australian Tax.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/council-rates-are-an-australian-tax/) - The real question at hand is can a Constitutional Trading Corporation created within the State under section 51(xx) of the Constitution able to charge an Australian Tax? [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ATO-COUNCIL-RATES-are-a-PROPERTY-TAX.pdf" title="ATO COUNCIL RATES are a PROPERTY TAX"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to - [Statute of Westminster](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/statute-of-westminster/) - Details about Australia's adoption of the Statute of Westminster 1931 in 1942. Whereas the delegates of His Majesty’s Governments in the United Kingdom, the Dominion of Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, the Irish Free State and Newfoundland, at Imperial Conferences holden at Westminster in the - [Australia Act 1986.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australia-act-1986/) - An Act to bring constitutional arrangements affecting the Commonwealth and the States into conformity with the status of the Commonwealth of Australia as a sovereign, independent and federal nation WHEREAS the Prime Minister of the Commonwealth and the Premiers of the States at conferences held in Canberra on 24 and 25 June 1982 and 21 June 1984 - [ORIGINAL COPY OF AN ACT TO CONSTITUTE THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/original-copy-of-an-act-to-constitute-the-commonwealth-of-australia/) - This page provides an original scanned copy of the actual Commonwealth Constitution... Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp) 63 & 64 Vic, c 12 Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK) Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act (Current) [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Original-Scanned-Constitution.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ukpga_19000012_en.pdf"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/C2013Q00005XN01.pdf"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators - [INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-covenant-on-civil-and-political-rights/) - THE STATES PARTIES TO THE PRESENT COVENANT, CONSIDERING that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, RECOGNIZING - [Code of Conduct ~ Municipal Association of Victoria](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/code-of-conduct-municipal-association-of-victoria/) - This Code of Conduct applies to all employees of the MAV including consultants, contractors and temporary personnel undertaking MAV business. The Code also applies to any situations where staff are representing the MAV outside of normal work hours and/or at external events. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Staff-Code-of-Conduct.pdf" title="Staff Code of Conduct"] If you can spare a few - [UPDATED SUBMISSIONS in the VIRGIN AUSTRALIA AIRLINES case.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/updated-submissions-in-the-virgin-australia-airlines-case/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2022_08_03-Orders.pdf" title="2022_08_03 - Orders"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/SEALED-Form-17-STATEMENT-OF-CLAIM-Draft-13-August-2022-Post-6-Jul-2022-FCA-Orders.pdf" title="SEALED Form 17 STATEMENT OF CLAIM Draft 13 August 2022 Post 6 Jul 2022 FCA Orders"] - [Assent of the Parliament of the Dominion's.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/assent-of-the-parliament-of-the-dominions/) - The assent of the Parliament of all the Dominions as of the Parliament of the United Kingdom was required by law, it is found in the 1931 Statute of Westminster Act, and every Act thereafter proclaiming a change to the Style & title of the Monarch. If the requirement was no longer needed why was - [Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 New Zealand](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/royal-style-and-titles-act-1953-new-zealand/) - WHEREAS it was recited in the preamble to the Statute of Westminster, 1931 that it would be in accord with the established constitutional position of all the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations in relation to one another that any alteration in the law touching the Royal Style and Titles should, after the enactment - [International Crimes and International Criminal Court Act 2000 ~ New Zealand](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-crimes-and-international-criminal-court-act-2000-new-zealand/) - The purpose of this Act is— (a)to make further provision in New Zealand law for the punishment of certain international crimes, namely, genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes; and (b)to enable New Zealand to co-operate with the International Criminal Court established by the Rome Statute in the performance of its functions. - [~ Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993 ~](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/citizens-initiated-referenda-act-1993/) - The Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993 allows for citizens to propose a referendum. These are non-binding referendums on any issue in which proponents have submitted a petition to Parliament signed by ten percent of all registered electors within 12 months. There were 3,298,009 voters enrolled for the 2017 general election, so at least 329,801 signatures - [Letters Patent New Zealand 1839.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letters-patent-new-zealand-1839/) - The 'letters patent' appointing William Hobson as lieutenant governor of New Zealand in 1839. George Gipps, governor of New South Wales, was in fact the first governor of New Zealand, but he delegated his powers to Hobson. Victoria R Victoria by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland - [Letters Patent ~ Governor General ~ New Zealand ~ 1983.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/letter-patent-governor-general-new-zealand-1983/) - WHEREAS by certain Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom bearing date at Westminster the 11th day of May 1917, His late Majesty King George the Fifth constituted, ordered, and declared that there should be a Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief in and over the Dominion of New Zealand: [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Letters-Patent-Constituting-the-Office-of-GovernorGeneral-of-New-Zealand.pdf" title="Letters Patent Constituting - [The Administration of British New Guinea to the Governor of New Zealand](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-administration-of-british-new-guinea-to-the-governor-of-new-zealand/) - The Administration of British New Guinea to the Governor of New Zealand. Government House, New Guinea, 4th September, 1888. I have the honour to enclose, for your Excellency's information, copy of the first issue of the Government Gazette of British New Guinea, from which your Excellency will learn that the Queen's sovereignty was this day - [Imperial Statutes in Australia and New Zealand.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/imperial-statutes-in-australia-and-new-zealand/) - Upon the foundation of the colony of New South Wales the inhabitants, as subjects of the Crown, inherited the law of England. Section 24 of the Australian Courts Act 1828 (Imp) later provided that statutes which were in force in England, as at the date of the passing of the Act (ie 25 July 1828) - [The Law of Succession to the Crown in New Zealand.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-law-of-succession-to-the-crown-in-new-zealand/) - II. THE NEW ZEALAND SUCCESSION LAW The Constitution Act 1986 is the only piece of legislation enacted by the New Zealand Parliament which makes any direct reference to the succession law.3 Section 5 of the Constitution Act 1986 deals with the demise of the Crown.4 Section 5(1) states that: [t]he death of the Sovereign shall - [Criminal proceedings 101 ~ from beginning to end](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/criminal-proceedings-101-from-beginning-to-end/) - 1. Arrest​: ​Valid arrests must be based on ​probable cause.​ A reasonable belief that a certain set of facts which rises to the level of a threat to life or property are true. Must be based entered into the court record via sworn statement. ​(REMEMBER - no sworn statement of probable cause, even in a - [First Constitutional Commission Report 1988](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/first-constitutional-commission-report-1988/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FIRST-REPORT-OF-THE-CONSTITUTIONAL-COMMISSION.pdf" title="FIRST REPORT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/First-Constitutional-Report-1988-Vol2.pdf" title="First Constitutional Report 1988 Vol2"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate - [Final Constitutional Commission Report 1988](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/final-constitutional-commission-report-1988/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/FINAL-CONSTITUTIONAL-COMMISSION-REPORT-1988.pdf" title="FINAL CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION REPORT 1988"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/CONSTITUTIONAL-COMMISSION-REPORT-19882.pdf" title="CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSION REPORT 1988(2)"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 6.1 ~ Distribution of Powers.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-commission-reports-separation-of-powers/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-6.0-title.pdf" title="Section 6.0 - title"][pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-6.1-Information.pdf" title="Section 6.1 - Information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 1.1 ~ Amending the Constitution.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-constitutional-commission-reports-1987-amending-the-constitution/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-1.0-title.pdf" title="Section 1.0 - title"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-1.1-information.pdf" title="Section 1.1 - information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please click - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 2.0 ~ Individual & Democratic Rights.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-commission-1987-individual-democratic-rights/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-2.0-title.pdf" title="Section 2.0 - title"][pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-2.1-information-1.pdf" title="Section 2.1 - information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please click here - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 3.0 ~ Committee on the Australian Judicial System](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-commission-report-1987-committee-on-the-australian-judicial-system/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-3.0-title.pdf" title="Section 3.0 - title"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-3.1-information-1.pdf" title="Section 3.1 - information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please click - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 4.0 ~ Trade & Economic Management.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-constitutional-commission-reports-1987-trade-economic-management/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-4.0-Title.pdf" title="Section 4.0 - Title"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-4.1-Information.pdf" title="Section 4.1 - Information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please click - [The Constitutional Commission Reports ~ 1987 ~ 5.0 ~ Committee on Executive Government.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-constitutional-commission-reports-1987-5-0-committee-on-executive-government/) - [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-5.0-title.pdf" title="Section 5.0 - title"] [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Section-5.1-Information.pdf" title="Section 5.1 - Information"] If you can spare a few dollars for the creators of this website to continue their research to bring you more great content, any amount, no matter how great or small, would be greatly appreciated. If you appreciate our work, please - [THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE: MAKING SENSE OF MULTIPLE INTENTIONS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/constitutional-conventions/) - The delegates to the 1890s Constitutional Conventions were well aware that the amendment mechanism is the ‘most important part of a Cons­ titution’, for on it ‘depends the question as to whether the state shall develop with peaceful continuity or shall suffer alternations of stagnation, retrogression, and revolution’.1 However, with only 8 of 44 proposed - [Complaint to R-Kershaw-Chief-Commissioner-of-the-AFP](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/complaint-to-r-kershaw-chief-commissioner-of-the-afp/) - The more I research the more I discover how politicians and so also the Minister for Health have disregard appropriate check and balances to seek to avoid children being harmed. How many now in adulthood are still suffering due to having been vaccinated? There need to be a proper investigation and compensation for those unduly - [Another Stuff-Up By VicRoads](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/another-stuff-up-by-vicroads/) - Mar 6th. CPS (Club Permit Scheme)Renewals The IIRA has been advised that the AOMC (Association Of Motoring Clubs) has received many reports from member clubs of CPS holders NOT receiving their renewal notices or receiving them late. This has resulted in the vehicle becoming UNREGISTERED. This means that the driver of the vehicle is - [COVID-19 Omnibus (Emergency Measures) and Other Acts Amendment Bill 2020](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/covid-19-omnibus-emergency-measures-and-other-acts-amendment-bill-2020/) - 'Part 13— COVID-19 temporary measures Division 1—Preliminary 249 Purpose and effect of Part The purpose of this Part is to temporarily change the operation of this Act in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This Part applies despite anything to the contrary in— (a) another Part of this Act; or (b) any other - [THE HORRORS OF VACCINATION ~ EXPOSED AND ILLUSTRATED ~ 1920.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/horrors-of-vaccination/) - Liberty, in all essential needs, is not a "privilege" granted by Government, but an inherent right possessed by all men, and naturally or divinely conferred upon them; hence the chief function of all Governments is to secure and enforce these human rights, not to invade or violate them to satisfy medical dogmas or other oppressive, - [THE RECONSTRUCTION ACTS. June 12, 1867.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-reconstruction-acts-june-12-1867/) - It is of a power to protect all persons in their rights of person or property. It is not a power to create new rights, but only to protect those which exist and are established by the laws under which these people live. He places himself on higher ground than the President, who is simply - [Remembering Estonia’s WWII refugees](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/remembering-estonias-wwii-refugees/) - In the autumn of 1944, fearful of the advancing Red Army, approximately 80,000 Estonians left their country behind and escaped to Germany and Sweden, later moving also to the UK, the US, Canada and Australia; it’s time to look back and remember the plight of our Estonian parents and grandparents who fled their homeland to - [Sedition](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/sedition/) - The contents of this document can be applied to all Commonwealth countries under the Monarch. SEDITION AT COMMAN LAW In England the crime of sedition has been known for centuries. There were mainly three statues which provided punishment for the publication of written or spoken words against the Government. These were the Common Law of - [Australian Financial Security Authority Corporate Plan.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-financial-security-authority-corporate-plan/) - Our corporate plan outlines our focus for the next four years, the strategies we will use to achieve our purpose, and how we will measure our success. We work to achieve our purpose through our goals of fostering confidence, delivering value, effective services and quality information. As we look to the future, our achievement of these - [The Australian Flag, what are the Rules?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/australian-flag-what-are-the-rules/) - This is an excerpt of the Australian Flags booklet and deals with The protocols for the appropriate use and flying of the flag. Commercial Use of the Flag The Flag or Flag Image The Australian National Flag, or representation of the flag, may be used for commercial or advertising purposes without formal permission, subject to - [Victoria police to get military style, semi-automatic non-lethal rifles](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/victoria-police-to-get-military-style-semi-automatic-non-lethal-rifles/) - Waiting for Gun Control Australia to step in and explain this one. From The Age: “Victoria’s riot police are to be armed with crowd control guns and rubber pellet grenades to confront violent demonstrations, running street battles and prison uprisings in a move Chief Commissioner Graham Ashton says ‘‘will be confronting to watch’’. Initially - [THE ERRANT SOVEREIGN'S HANDBOOK by Augustus Blackstone](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-errant-sovereigns-handbook-by-augustus-blackstone/) - What is a Sovereign? To know what a sovereign is and how to be a sovereign, you need to know certain principles of sovereignty. Some of the ways to know these principles are by studying the words sovereign and sovereignty and deciphering their definitions to find their deeper meanings. Black’s Law Dictionary (3rd edition) defines - [THE LAW, THE MONEY AND YOUR CHOICE](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-law-the-money-and-your-choice/) - Ever since the founding of America, as a constitutional republic, patriotic citizens of all walks of life have been increasingly concerned about the erosion of our constitutional guarantees and why this erosion has and still is happening. However, the continued pooling of ignorance of patriot commentators arguing over proper form, while overlooking vital constitutional substantive - [MASS CONTROL: Engineering Human Consciousness](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/mass-control-engineering-human-consciousness/) - One aspect of this transformation, this “idolatry of power” was a negative transformation of the psychological sciences. In the late 19th century, earlier more humanistic approaches to understanding mankind were replaced by a scientific philosophy that would be employed less as a measure for the understanding of man than as a justification for a new - [U.S.A. The Republic Is The House That No One Lives In](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/u-s-a-the-republic-is-the-house-that-no-one-lives-in/) - Human enslavement has taken all sorts of forms since the beginning of time. The most insidious form is when one individual, such as a king, claims that God gave him the right of enslavement. This is called The Divine Right of Kings. At the root of this assumed right is basic feudal slavery. The divine - [Vaccination Proved Useless](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/vaccination-proved-useless/) - "HAVING been led to enquire for myself as to the effects of Vaccination in preventing or diminishing Small-pox, I have arrived at results as unexpected as they appear to me to be conclusive. The question is one which affects our personal liberty as well as the health and even the lives of thousands it therefore becomes - [INTERNATIONAL LAW ADMIRALTY ~ MARITIME PROCESS ~ ARE YOU LOST AT SEA](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/international-law-admiralty-maritime-process-are-you-lost-at-sea/) - Over the last six years the authors and researchers on this project have reviewed hundreds of pounds of material, traveled to other countries and interviewed person within and without government about the current apparent disregard for our constitution and God-given rights. Because of innumerable man hours, this research team has uncovered a different or covert - [Agenda 21](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/agenda-21/) - Local Government Implementation of Agenda 21 The local government implementation of Agenda 21 was prepared by ICLEI for the Earth Council’s Rio+5 Forum (April 13-19, 1997 — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), for the 5th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, and for the UN General Assembly’s “Earth Summit+5” Special Session. [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Agenda21.pdf"] - [MAN MADE NON IONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION STEPS TO PREPARE EVIDENCE FOR LITIGATION and POTENTIAL REMEDIES](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/man-made-non-ionizing-electromagnetic-radiation-steps-to-prepare-evidence-for-litigation-and-potential-remedies/) - Please note: This document and associated documents is intended to be for educational purposes only and is not intended to be legal advice and you should not rely on them as such. It is highly recommended that you seek legal advice as to the procedures and law as discussed in this document, associated documents and/or - [The Encyclopedia of Mind Control.](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-encyclopedia-of-mind-control/) - "Only the small secrets need to be protected. The big ones are kept secret by public incredulity." —Marshall McCluhan "If both the past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is controllable—what then?" —George Orwell [pdf-embedder url="https://constitutionwatch.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Jim-Keith-Mind-Control-World-Control-The-Encyclopedia-of-Mind-Control-pdf-TKRG-1.pdf" title="Jim Keith - Mind Control World Control The Encyclopedia - [Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/silent-weapons-for-quiet-wars/) - The following document is taken from two sources. The first, was acquired on a website (of which I can't remember the address) listing as its source the book titled Behold A Pale Horse by William Cooper; Light Technology Publishing, 1991. The second source is a crudely copied booklet, which does not contain a copyright notice, - [PROPAGANDA By EDWARD L. BERNAYS](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/propaganda-by-edward-l-bernays/) - THE conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society consti- tute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas - [The Cure for Cancer?](https://constitutionwatch.com.au/the-cure-for-cancer/) - Including Over 100 Case Histories of Persons Cured Plus two revolutionary electronic circuits, one to diagnose and monitor progress, the other to zap parasites and bacteria! Hulda Regehr Clark, Ph.D.,N.D. The cause is a certain parasite, for which I have found evidence in every can- cer case regardless of the type of cancer. 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